Background: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of premature death worldwide. In Iran, screening programs for these conditions have been integrated into the health system, but a comprehensive evaluation is lacking. This study aimed to analyze the results of the national diabetes and hypertension screening survey in Iran, with a focus on the Mashhad metropolis.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptiveanalytical study using data from the 2023 National Diabetes and Hypertension Screening Program in Iran. The study population included 2,445,151 individuals aged 18 and above. Demographic information, medical history, and screening results were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with hypertension and diabetes.Results: Of the participants, 8.15% had previously known hypertension, and 1.35% were newly identified as suspected hypertensive people. For diabetes, 3.36% had a previous diagnosis, and 0.72% were newly identified as suspected diabetics. Age was the strongest predictor for both conditions (AOR for 61+ age group: 79.34, 95% CI: 73.06-86.16 for both conditions). BMI over 25 was also a significant risk factor (AOR: 2.31, 95% CI: 2.23- 2.40 for suspected hypertension and diabetes). Higher education levels showed a protective effect against both conditions.Conclusion: This large-scale screening program revealed substantial rates of undiagnosed hypertension and diabetes in Iran. The study highlights the complex interplay of demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors in the development of these conditions. These findings underscore the importance of targeted screening and prevention strategies, particularly focusing on older adults, those with higher BMI, and populations with lower educational attainment.
Background: Vision is one of the most important human senses, and appropriate lighting is one of the most crucial physical factors in various settings, especially in work environments. Poor lighting in the workplace has negative effects on workers’ health, productivity, and job performance. Lighting significantly influences many non-visual functions, including physiological and psychological mechanisms and biological-cognitive processes such as circadian rhythm, alertness, core body temperature, hormone secretion, and sleep. Non-visual effects of light on the human body include changes in heart rate, pulse, blood pressure, and the secretion of hormones such as melatonin and cortisol. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between lighting and physiological parameters of individuals in work environments.Methods: In this systematic review, articles published up to December 2023 in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopusdatabases were searched.Results: The key findings of these studies indicate that the most significant effect of light and illumination is on melatonin secretion. Light with a lower color temperature suppressed melatonin secretion to a lesser extent, whereas light containing blue spectrum components suppressed melatonin secretion more intensely. Heart rate, pulse, and blood pressure also increased in low light intensity and yellow-colored light.Conclusion: Light and illumination, as a physical factor in the workplace, can affect employees’ physiological performance in various ways, impacting health, safety, and work-related accidents. Utilizing these studies, appropriate strategies and achievements can be proposed to improve lighting and maintain workers’ health in work environments.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a threat to global public health. The sexual function and satisfaction of couples during the COVID-19 pandemic have received comparatively less attention. This study aimed to assess sexual satisfaction and sexual function and their related factors among married women in the west of Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 390 married women in Kermanshah province in 2021. For data collection, a checklist consisting of demographic variables along with Larson’s sexual satisfaction questionnaire and the 6-item Female Sexual Function Index were utilized. To investigate the relationship between function and sexual satisfaction, we used a hierarchical linear regression.Results: The means (SD) of sexual satisfaction and sexual function scores were 83.25 (40.59) and 19.33 (9.82), respectively. A significant relationship was observed between sexual satisfaction and the women’s occupation status, traditional marriage status, tubal ligation, a history of chronic diseases, alcohol use, the history of sexual violence, changes in sexual behavior during COVID-19, and total sexual function score. Also, the women’s age, male condom use, oral contraceptive pill use, changes in sexual behavior during COVID-19, and total sexual satisfaction score associated with the sexual function of women.Conclusion: These findings showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, married women reported moderate sexual satisfaction and sexual dysfunction. Additionally, the results of this study could help to develop a plan to improve the sexual lives and health of women in sudden events.
Background: As one of the important occupational groups in the field of agriculture, citrus harvest workers face various ergonomic risk factors, such as the risk of MSDs. In the present study, the 3D static strength prediction program (3DSSPP) was used to investigate MSD discomfort and evaluate biomechanical stresses.Moreover, the correlations between the biomechanical stresses and the prevalence of MSDs among citrus harvest workers were investigated.Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 105 citrus harvest workers with at least one year of work experience participated. All job tasks were analyzed using the hierarchical task analysis (HTA) method. The Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ), body map, and 3DSSPP were used to collect data. The correlations of MSDs with individual characteristics and forces acting on the body were investigated.Results: The findings showed that the highest reports of pain and discomfort were in the back region and the highest biomechanical force was applied to the L5/S1 disc during sorting, while the force distribution and balance status were appropriate in all activities. Analysis of the correlation showed that biomechanical forces, age, and work experience were among the effective risk factorsof MSDs.Conclusion: According to the results, the prevalence of MSDs was high, especially in the back and neck. The biomechanical forces on the spine and other joints in each task can be affected by the weight of the citrus boxes, the height of lifting and putting down the boxes, and the static sitting and standing postures during picking and sorting tasks.
Background: Stunting remains a significant public health concern in Indonesia, particularly in rural areas. Although the national stunting prevalence declined to 19.8%, disparities persist. Despite interventions, there is limited evidence on the combined effects of maternal, environmental, and health servicerelated factors that contribute to stunting in this region. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for stunting.Methods: A case-control design was used, involving 85 stunted and 85 non-stunted toddlers in Jumapolo, Karanganyar, Central Java. Data were analyzed through univariate and bivariate analyses using the Chi-square test, followed by multivariate analysis with logistic regression.Results: Six variables met criteria for inclusion in the final model: mother education (OR=2.042, 95% CI [1.059, 3.937], P=0.048), family income (OR=4.358, 95% CI [0.894, 21.256], P=0.102), birth weight (OR=5.203, 95% CI [1.659, 16.318], P=0.005), birth height (OR=3.128, 95% CI [1.441, 6.786], P=0.006), integratedservices- post (Posyandu) visit (OR=3.257, 95% CI [1.338, 7.929], P=0.013), and hand hygiene behavior by toddler (OR=3.087, 95% CI [1.391, 6.851], P=0.008). The most dominant factor was irregular Posyandu visits. Toddlers were 3.286 times more likely to be stunted (CI 95% 1.271-8.493, value 0.014). Additionally, toddlers with poor hand hygiene had 2.964 times higher odds of stunting (CI 95% 1.251-7.023, P=0.014). The findings suggest that limited access to routine health services and inadequate hygiene practices significantly contribute to stunting.Conclusion: Intervention should prioritize promoting regular attendance of health services and improving hand hygiene practices among toddlers.
