This systematic literature review synthesizes recent research on the resilience of mangroves in response to climate variability. Mangroves play a crucial role in coastal protection, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity conservation. However, climate variability, including extreme weather events, sea level rise, and changing precipitation patterns, poses significant challenges to mangrove ecosystems. Using Covidence for article selection and analysis, this study aims to establish a fundamental basis for the investigation of the relationship between climate variability and mangrove resilience. This study employed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure methodological accuracy and transparency. A search of the Scopus database (2014–2024) identified n = 223 records, which after screening and eligibility assessment, resulted in n = 44 studies included in the final synthesis. Data extraction captured bibliographic, ecological, and methodological variables such as climate drivers, mangrove species, resilience indicators, and analytical tools. This review concludes that strengthening mangrove resilience requires integrated socio-ecological strategies that combine ecological processes with adaptive governance, sediment management, and community-based adaptation. Addressing research gaps through geographically and interdisciplinary approaches will be crucial for enhancing the role of mangroves in climate adaptation and sustainable coastal management. The findings underscore the importance of mangroves in relation to the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDGs 13 (Climate Action), 14 (Life Below Water), and 15 (Life on Land).
This study addresses the problem of coastal erosion on Peroba Beach, in Icapuí, Brazil, highlighting the socio-environmental conflicts resulting from territorial disputes and human interventions in the coastal zone. The erosion process is aggravated by natural and anthropogenic factors, such as disorderly occupation, climate change and alterations in sediment dynamics. The main conflict in Peroba involves two groups: the Peroba Residents Association (traditional fishermen), who advocated the construction of an adherent riprap, and the Preserve Peroba Association (new residents), who proposed a more ecological structure to restrain erosion. The dispute led to mediation by the Brazilian Federal Public Prosecutor’s Office (MPF), which proposed an agreement between the parties. The solution adopted consisted of the construction of two permeable breakwaters and artificial beach nourishment, combining coastal engineering techniques and integrated coastal zone management. The study reinforces the importance of community participation, sustainable planning and the use of nature-based solutions to minimize environmental impacts and preserve local characteristics.
Coastal water systems are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pressures, making natural recovery processes difficult and accelerating environmental degradation. Consequently, the urgent and strategic management of coastal and marine resources has become imperative to promote sustainability. Since the mid-19th century, various global and regional efforts have aimed to improve coastal conditions, among which Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) has emerged as a comprehensive and holistic framework. While a considerable body of literature exists on ICZM, a systematic review that synthesizes its historical evolution, conceptual foundation, policy frameworks, implementation models, and challenges remains lacking. This paper addresses this gap by providing an integrated, interdisciplinary overview of ICZM - tracing its development, highlighting significant governance approaches, assessing environmental, institutional, socio-economic, political, and scientific challenges, and identifying future directions. Special emphasis is placed on the Indian context, offering insights into national strategies, institutional mechanisms, and the application of remote sensing and spatial tools in coastal management. The paper also examines the contribution of ICZM toward achieving key Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), reinforcing its role as a critical pathway to sustainable coastal governance.
Alternative livelihood programs have been promoted to reduce fishing pressure and improve coastal community resilience. In Palawan, Philippines, fisherfolk from Dumaran and Araceli participated in training programs supported by WPU-ATBI and PBCAI, covering aquaculture, processing, and enterprise management. This study assessed training outcomes using a survey adapted from USAID and analyzed responses with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that men and lower-income households (≤ ₱10,000) perceived training as more effective, while no significant differences were observed by household size, education, or policy participation. Women represented a majority (53.70%), reflecting their cultural assignment to post-harvest and marketing roles, as well as their growing participation in fisheries value chains. Program outcomes revealed mixed results: 63.89% of participants continued their projects, yet nearly half of initiatives faced discontinuation due to financial and management challenges. Aquaculture and processing were the most frequently adopted livelihoods, showing alignment with local skills and resources. Financial literacy and business management training helped some participants sustain enterprises, but limited time, market access, and contextual gaps constrained broader success. Income improvements were reported by 70.67% of households, though gains in housing and education were modest. The findings underscore that one-time training is insufficient; sustained support, access to finance, and stronger market linkages are crucial. Tailoring training to local contexts, fostering collective organization, and building long-term support systems can enhance the sustainability of alternative livelihoods. By addressing financial and operational barriers while leveraging women’s active roles, livelihood programs can strengthen both household resilience and resource sustainability in coastal communities.
