Background: To examine the associations between routine blood-derived immune-inflammatory indices and early hematoma expansion (HE) in patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (sICH), and to describe their apparent discriminatory performance. Methods: This single-centre retrospective cohort included 286 patients with sICH. HE was defined as a hematoma-volume increase of ³6 mL or ³33% on follow-up CT. NLR, PLR, SII, SIRI, and AISI were calculated from routine blood tests. Index-specific multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, admission NIHSS score, and baseline hematoma volume. ROC analyses summarised apparent discrimination; formal AUC-difference testing and internal or external validation were not performed. Results: HE occurred in 72 patients (25.2%). After adjustment, SII (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03-1.29), SIRI (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.56), and AISI (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.46-2.91) remained associated with HE, whereas NLR and PLR did not. Apparent AUCs were 0.731 for SIRI, 0.724 for SII, and 0.701 for AISI. Adding SII to the clinical model yielded an apparent AUC of 0.846 versus 0.812 for the basic model (DAUC=0.034); this difference was not formally tested. Conclusion: Higher SII, SIRI, and AISI were statistically associated with HE after adjustment, but these observational findings do not establish causation. Individual indices showed moderate or limited discrimination; AISI had a lower AUC than SII and SIRI. The numerical AUC increase after adding SII is an exploratory within-cohort finding and does not establish clinical incremental utility. Prospective studies and independent validation are needed.
Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) involves complex inflammatory and immune-mediated processes. Autoantibodies against apolipoprotein A-1 (anti-apoA-1 IgG) are emerging mediators of atherogenesis. This study aimed to profile serum anti-apoA-1 IgG alongside a panel of novel and traditional biomarkers to evaluate their diagnostic utility and interrelationships in IHD. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 280 participants: 100 with stable angina pectoris (SAP), 100 with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and 80 healthy controls. Serum levels of anti-apoA-1 IgG, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and oxidised LDL (ox-LDL) were measured. Standard lipid profiles were also assessed. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Serum anti-apoA-1 IgG levels were significantly higher in both IHD patient groups compared to the control group (p<0.001), with AMI patients having higher levels than SAP patients (p<0.01). Furthermore, all biomarkers associated with inflammation and oxidative stress (hs-CRP, IL-6, Lp-PLA2, MPO, ox-LDL) were elevated in IHD patients. Anti-apoA-1 IgG showed a significant positive correlation with IL-6 (r=0.51, p<0.001) and MPO (r=0.45, p<0.001). In ROC analysis using multiple biomarkers, the combination of anti-apoA-1 IgG, IL-6, and ox-LDL yielded an AUC of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85-0.93) for the diagnosis of IHD. Conclusion: Anti-apoA-1 IgG was significantly higher in IHD patients, especially in the acute phase of the disease, and was associated with markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. The inclusion of multiple markers, such as anti-apoA-1 IgG, IL-6, and ox-LDL, improves the diagnostic performance for ischemic heart disease. This approach yielded better diagnostic accuracy than using each marker individually.
Background: Early detection of biomarkers of natho physiological changes occurring in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is crucial for timely intervention. Ceramides, a group of lipotoxic sphingolipids, and meteorin-like protein (Metrnl), a novel adipomyokine involved in insulin sensitisation, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of T2DM. This study compared the serum levels of ceramide species (Cer-16, Cer-18, Cer-24, and Cer-24:1) and Metrnl between patients with T2DM and normoglycemic controls. It assessed their diagnostic value individually and collectively. Methods: This case-control study recruited 80 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM and 80 normoglycemic controls matched for age and body mass index (BMI). Fasting blood samples were used to measure routine blood parameters. Quantification of ceramide species was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC + -M * S / M * S) and serum Metrnl levels were measured linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Patients with T2DM showed significantly increased levels of Cer-16 and Cer-18 ( p < 0.001 and p < 0.01 respectively) and reduced levels and Metrnl ( p < 0.001 for both). Moreover, the ratio of Cer-16 to Cer-24 was significantly increased in the T2DM group. Significant positive correlations were noted between these biomarkers and insulin resistance and glycemic control (HOMA-IR and HbA1c). However, a multivariate logistic regression model combining Cer-16, Cer-24, and Metal showed a significantly higher area under the ROC curve (0.93) for discriminating T2DM than did using these biomarkers individually. Conclusion: This study demonstrated for the first time that ceramide species and Metrnl levels are significantly altered in the early stages of T2DM. These changes, i.e., increased levels of Cer-16 and Cer-18 and reduced levels of Cer-24 and Metrnl, form a synergistic panel of biomarkers for the diagnosis of T2DM.
Background: Accurate and efficient chemical analysers play a critical role in modern healthcare, particularly in commu-nity medicine, where early diagnosis and intervention can significantly improve patient outcomes. This study evaluat-ed the analytical performance of the novel portable ENNO-LIFE HCA-TC-200 analyser compared to the established Beckman UniCel DxC 880i analyser. Methods: A total of 600 individuals were recruited from Shuang Ho Hospital, Taiwan. The analytical performance of ENNOLIFE HCA-TC-200 was validated using clinical chemistry assays, specifically assessing hepatic, renal, and urinary biomarkers. The analysers were compared based on method comparison, accuracy, and inter-method agree-ment. Results: The ENNOLIFE HCA-TC-200 analyser demonstrated strong agreement with the Beckman UniCel DxC 880i. Passing-Bablok regression showed good agreement for albumin (ALB), microalbumin (mALB), and urine protein (UP), while proportional or constant biases were observed in other analytes. Bland-Altman analysis revealed minimal bias, with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) showing the smallest mean difference (-0.18 mg/dL) and alanine transaminase (ALT) the largest (5.99 U/L). Accuracy exceeded 97% for all parameters after excluding extreme outliers, with 100% agreement for hepatic and renal markers. High linear correlations (R > 0.97) were found for most markers, with minor deviations observed for ALB (R = 0.92) and urine creatinine (R = 0.8) , which remained within clinically acceptable diagnostic ranges Conclusions: The ENNOLIFE HCA-TC-200 analyser demonstrated strong analytical performance and high con-cordance with the reference laboratory analyser, the Beckman UniCel DxC 880i, across hepatic, renal, and uri-nary parameters. These findings, combined with its porta-bility, support its potential use as a reliable tool for bio-chemical analysis in outpatient and community-based settings.
Background: To evaluate the predictive value of serum adipsin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] combined detection in elderly diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), aiming to provide new strategies for early intervention. Methods: Based on the electronic medical records of our hospital from January 2024 to June 2025, 161 elderly patients with T2DM/104 in the DPN group and 57 in the non-DPN group) were enrolled. ELISA detected serum adipsin, and 25(OH)D was measured via liquid chromatog-raphy-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The diag-nostic efficacy of the combined detection was confirmed by univariate analysis, logistic regression model, and ROC curves. Disease course and age-stratified subgroup analy ses were conducted. Results: DPN patients showed higher serum adipsin but lower 25(OH)D levels than non-DPN cases (P < 0.05) Adipsin + 25(OH)D detection exhibited an AUC of 0.831 (sensitivity: 64.42%, specificity: 87.72%), higher than sin-gle-index predictions. Subgroup analysis indicated superior predictive efficiency of the combined detection in patients with a disease course of 26 years (AUC > 0.85) According to correlation analysis, adipsin was positively correlated with FPG, HbA1c, and VPT, and negatively correlated with NCV and SCV, while the opposite was true for 25(OH)D. Conclusions: Serum adipsin combined with 25(OH)D has high predictive value for elderly DPN, and their synergistic effect may be mediated through interconnected pathways involving chronic inflammation, oxidative stress damage, and metabolic dysregulation collectively termed the -'inflammation-oxidative stress-metabolic disorder' axis.
