Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic autoimmune disorder that destroys pancreatic beta cells, leading to lifelong insulin dependence. It is a common childhood illness requiring continuous monitoring and complex self-care. Poor glycaemic control increases the risk of complications and negatively impacts quality of life. Nurse-led interventions play an important role in improving glycaemic control, self-management and overall well-being among affected children.Materials and method Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect and Web of Science databases were systematically searched published from 2010 to 2025. Nurse-led interventions for children with diabetes mellitus and ≤18 years were included. Seven randomised controlled trial (RCT) articles met our inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2.0. Meta-analysis was done of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) outcome using mean difference of individual five studies using RevMan with random-effects models (I2>50%).Results Five RCTs (reporting HbA1c outcomes) were included for meta-analysis. The pooled analysis using a random-effects model showed a mean reduction in HbA1c of 0.61% in the nurse-led intervention group compared with usual care (mean difference = −0.61; 95% CI −1.26 to 0.03). In four studies, nurse-led interventions were found to significantly improve self-efficacy among children with type 1 diabetes. Three studies reported quality of life outcomes following nurse-led interventions in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. All three studies demonstrated improvements in quality-of-life measures in the intervention groups.Conclusion Nurse-led intervention improves glycaemic control, self-efficacy and quality of life, though standardisation of intervention protocols is needed to reduce heterogeneity. This review supports integrating nurse-led care into type 1 diabetes management guidelines, can be beneficial in improving glycaemic control in this population.PROSPERO registration number CRD420261301929.
Digital eye strain (DES) is a clinical condition characterised by visual discomfort and ocular symptoms caused by prolonged use of screen-based devices. The older term computer vision syndrome (CVS) is now being replaced by DES. With widespread use of digital devices in both personal and professional settings, DES has become a significant global concern. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus with keywords including ‘ocular asthenopia,’ ‘Digital Eye Strain,’ ‘Eyestrain’ and ‘Computer Vision Syndrome.’ Relevant studies were reviewed to describe the aetiology, symptoms, risk factors and management of DES.Reported prevalence of DES ranges from 8.2% to 100%, depending on study population and assessment tools. Common symptoms include headache, eye strain, redness, itching, tearing, photophobia, burning, blurred vision, eye pain, neck and shoulder pain, and dryness. Ocular surface complaints often stem from reduced blink rate, resembling dry eye disease. Management strategies include ergonomic modifications, use of lubricating eye drops, blinking exercises and regular screen breaks.DES is an emerging public health issue linked to rising digital device use. Awareness, ergonomic practices and preventive strategies are critical to safeguard visual health in the digital era.
What we eat nourishes not only our bodies but also our minds. With one in eight people worldwide affected by mental disorders (WHO, 2022) and nearly 14% of the Indian population suffering from mental illness—alongside over 1.6 lakh suicides in 2022—nutrition’s role in psychological health is increasingly relevant yet underemphasised. This narrative review examines how diet quality, macronutrients and micronutrients, circadian rhythms and social eating influence mental well-being. It highlights the brain–gut–microbiota axis as a central pathway, linking dietary patterns to neurotransmitter balance, mood regulation and cognitive function. Globally, only 42% of people consume a balanced diet; in India, over 50% lack adequate intake of fruits, vegetables and protein. Disruption of traditional eating patterns, poor nutrient diversity and reliance on processed foods contribute to rising depression and anxiety rates. Recognising nutritional well-being as a key pillar in mental health can help integrate dietary strategies into holistic psychological care.
