A BSTRACT Menopause occurs when the body experiences a progressive decrease in estrogen production which results in various symptoms including hot flashes and changes in metabolism and urogenital function and an increased likelihood of developing cardiovascular and bone disorders. Women turn to food-based nonhormonal treatments because they have concerns about the safety of hormone therapy which stands as the most effective solution for treating menopausal symptoms. The bioactive compounds found in edible seeds include lignans and polyphenols and phytosterols and saponins and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) while phytoestrogens specifically attract attention because they show structural similarities with natural human estrogens and they can influence endocrine and metabolic and vascular and oxidative processes. The study results show that flaxseed lignans have weak estrogen effects which help improve lipid levels in the body, while fenugreek and Nigella sativa provide advantages for controlling blood sugar levels and treating hot flashes. Sesame lignans provide both antioxidative protection and metabolic advantages, while pumpkin seed oil promotes better blood vessel health and fennel functions as an estrogen-like compound in reproductive and urinary system tissues. The current research has fundamental limitations because it uses small study groups and tests which last for short periods and it shows different research methods. Menopausal women may benefit from edible seeds but establishment of effective treatment methods with proper dosage and safety over time requires large-scale clinical research which follows standardized procedures.
A BSTRACT Bilateral synchronous ovarian neoplasms are commonly encountered in malignant tumors. Synchronous benign epithelial neoplasms of both ovaries are rarely observed. Herein, we report a case of a 74-year-old woman who presented with intermittent abdominal pain of 2-month duration. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed bilateral ovarian cystadenomas, along with polycystic disease of the liver, bilateral kidneys, and pancreas. Histopathological examination revealed mucinous cystadenoma of the left ovary and serous cystadenoma of the right ovary. The patient was counseled for genetic testing to establish/rule out the possibility of a suspected genetic cause, but she refused for the same reason. We report this case for its rarity and as a possible indicator of the association between ovarian cystadenomas and polycystic visceral disease.
A BSTRACT Background: Menopause is a physiological transition often associated with bothersome somatic, psychological, and urogenital symptoms. While natural menopause occurs gradually, surgical menopause results in abrupt hormone withdrawal, often leading to more severe symptoms. The extent to which serum estradiol and testosterone influence these symptoms remains inadequately defined in the Indian population. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the severity and pattern of menopausal symptoms in women with natural and surgical menopause and to evaluate their correlation with serum estradiol and free testosterone levels. Materials and Methods: A comparative observational study was conducted over 2 years at Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, involving 198 postmenopausal women (102 – natural and 96 – surgical) within 5 years of menopause. Menopausal symptoms were assessed using the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Serum estradiol and free testosterone were measured using chemiluminescence immunoassay. Data were analyzed using t -tests, analysis of variance, and correlation statistics, with significance set at P < 0.05. Results: Women with surgical menopause showed significantly higher total MRS scores across somatic, psychological, and urogenital domains ( P < 0.001). The mean serum estradiol was lower in the surgical group (72.3 ± 45.2 pmol/L) compared to the natural group (89.7 ± 38.4 pmol/L; P = 0.003). No significant difference was observed in free testosterone levels ( P = 0.967). Symptom severity correlated inversely with estradiol levels, particularly in natural menopause. Free testosterone showed no meaningful correlation in either group. Conclusion: Surgical menopause is associated with a significantly greater burden of menopausal symptoms, closely linked to reduced estradiol levels. Hormonal profiling may guide personalized treatment strategies for improved symptom control.
A BSTRACT Background: The two-chair test (2CT) is a submaximal exercise test designed to assess the cardiopulmonary response, health, and decompensation. The 6-min walk test (6MWT) can be replaced with the 2CT when assessing mobility, as 6MWT is challenging and exhausting for patients in the acute stage of disease and the early stage of recovery. Thus, the study aims to determine the normative reference value of the 2CT among elderly aged 61–70 years. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and fifty participants were included through the systematic random sampling. The 2CT was performed by the participants, in which a person is asked to sit and move five times between two chairs placed face-to-face at 5 feet apart. Three trials of the test were performed. The mean of three trials was taken as the final reading. Statistical analysis included descriptive measures and unpaired t -tests, with significance set at P < 0.05. Results: Mean age of the participants was 65.38 ± 2.75 years; 59.6% were males. The mean time to complete the test was 49.72 ± 5.98 s. There was a statistically significant difference between males and females, but no significant difference ( P ≥ 0.05) was found between the two age groups (61–65 and 66–70 years). Within age groups, gender differences remained significant. Conclusion: Normative 2CT values were established. The average time to complete the 2CT for all the participants was 49.72 ± 5.98 s among those aged 61–70 years. The 2CT is a feasible, clinically valuable test for assessing functional mobility in older adults.
A BSTRACT Background: Menopause is a universal biological milestone with profound implications for women’s long term health. Increasing life expectancy has shifted the focus of care from symptom relief to healthy aging, chronic disease prevention, and quality of life. Objectives: This review explores the evolution of menopause management toward precision medicine, the emerging role of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital health, global evidence, and the opportunities and challenges within the Indian healthcare landscape. Materials and Methods: A narrative synthesis of international guidelines, consensus statements, and emerging literature was undertaken to contextualize precision menopause care. The Integrative Precision Menopause Care Framework (IPMCF) is proposed, integrating Clinical, Biological, Digital, Contextual, and Compassionate Precision upon the foundations of evidence based medicine, ethical governance, and woman centred care. Results: Precision menopause care extends beyond genomics to encompass multi omics, behavioural, and contextual determinants. AI offers potential for risk prediction, digital phenotyping, and decision support, while digital health ecosystems enable longitudinal monitoring and telemedicine. Global consensus emphasizes individualized assessment, shared decision making, and prevention. In India, opportunities include telemedicine, mobile health, and the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, but challenges remain in cultural silence, fragmented services, and limited longitudinal datasets. Conclusion: Precision menopause care must balance innovation with equity, ethics, and compassion. Vision 2035 anticipates proactive, preventive, and participatory care shaped by validated AI, digital health, and population specific evidence. Current applications remain largely investigational; robust validation, inclusive datasets, and context sensitive implementation are essential to ensure meaningful improvements in autonomy, equity, and health outcomes for midlife and older women.
