In Russian literature there is a large number of works devoted to the topic of perfectionism, but its role in professional activity is poorly studied. This literature review covers the topic of perfectionism in the workplace and its consequences for the mental well-being of employees. The paper starts with presenting a modern two-factor model of perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns, then analyzes the results of empirical research on the impact of these dimensions of perfectionism on work productivity, professional burnout, stress, and interpersonal interactions in the workplace. Stressors that are present in the workplace are described separately, as well as such phenomena of impaired work performance as absenteeism and presenteeism. The implications of perfectionism for the psychological well-being of employees during the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed. The practical significance of the given results for programs of psychoprophylaxis of emotional maladaptation of employees is outlined. In conclusion, practical recommendations are formulated for managers, employees, and mental health professionals to reduce the risk of harmful consequences of occupational perfectionism.
Context and relevance. In the 21st century, we can observe constantly changing conditions in the political, social, economic and spiritual spheres of modern society, as a result of which various specialists may face professional stress and a low level of psychological safety. Thus, the purpose of this theoretical study was to review modern foreign works on the problems of psychological safety in conditions of professional stress and summarize the results in this area, paying attention to the identification of effective practical tools. In this regard, the research question was to identify the latest trends and results of foreign studies in the field of psychological safety when employees experience professional stress. Results. Scientists have identified the following reasons for experiencing professional stress: lack of adaptation mechanisms for employees in the workplace and control over discrimination against women in the professional environment, interpersonal conflicts, fear in communicating with managers, low level of social capital, etc. By ensuring and improving psychological safety, these problems are solved in relation to each employee and team, which has a positive effect on the results of professional activities. Key factors in improving psychological safety today are: establishing optimal and safe conditions for professional activities; developing training programs to overcome difficult situations and develop resilience; recognizing each team member as a unique individual; service-based leadership; actively using mindfulness practices during the workday; establishing positive communication in the team, etc. This paper identifies new trends and directions on the issue under consideration, and emphasizes the need for preventive measures to improve the organizational conditions of professional activities that affect the psycho-emotional state of employees.
Context and relevance. The article presents an overview of contemporary international research on stigmatization of people with HIV infection and social support of HIV-infected people as determinants of psychological well-being of people with HIV infection. The article describes international experience in studying stigma of people with HIV, identifying three subcategories of stigma: social stigma (related to prejudice against people with HIV infection), health professionals’ stigma (prejudice and discrimination against patients diagnosed with HIV infection by health care providers) and self-stigma (negative beliefs and feelings, self-depreciation due to HIV diagnosis). Educational interventions to reduce HIV stigma are described. The role of social support in the psychological well-being of people with HIV is explored. Research on the psychological well-being of people living with HIV is presented. The concept of long-term success, developed by international researchers to improve long-term well-being among people living with HIV, is described. Objective. To analyze the understanding of the role of stigmatization and social support in the psychological well-being of HIV-infected people by modern foreign researchers. Conclusions. Stigmatization of HIV-infected people negatively affects their psychological well-being, while social support reduces the level of stigmatization in HIV-infected patients and increases their psychological well-being. Further studies of the determinants of psychological well-being of HIV-infected people in Russian-speaking samples are promising for further research. The data presented in this article can be used in planning research aimed at studying stigma, social support and psychological well-being among people with HIV.
Context and Relevance. Amid the rapid digital transformation of society, research in personality psychology that focuses on its online dimensions is gaining particular relevance. One such dimension is the concept of an individual's online identity. Objective. To analyze international research dedicated to the study of online identity, identify key areas of focus, and describe the implications associated with the formation, development, and transformation of this phenomenon. Review Methodology. A search for peer-reviewed articles was conducted in international databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO) covering the period from 2019 to 2024, using the following keywords: “online identity,” “digital self,” “social identity online,” and “virtual identity.” A total of 37 articles were initially identified. After screening (e.g., lack of full text, journal not relevant to the field of psychology), 25 articles were selected for further analysis. Results. Context and Relevance. Amid the rapid digital transformation of society, research in personality psychology that focuses on its online dimensions is gaining particular relevance. One such dimension is the concept of an individual's online identity. Objective. To analyze international research dedicated to the study of online identity, identify key areas of focus, and describe the implications associated with the formation, development, and transformation of this phenomenon. Review Methodology. A search for peer-reviewed articles was conducted in international databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO) covering the period from 2019 to 2024, using the following keywords: “online identity,” “digital self,” “social identity online,” and “virtual identity.” A total of 37 articles were initially identified. After screening (e.g., lack of full text, journal not relevant to the field of psychology), 25 articles were selected for further analysis. Results. Findings indicate that there are both positive and negative aspects of the relationship between online identity and individuals’ personal and socio-psychological characteristics. Furthermore, various outcomes related to online identity are linked to behavior both within digital environments and beyond them. Conclusions. Online identity can function as a complement to offline identity, but it can also distort it. Different digital environments bring both positive and negative consequences for various types and characteristics of online identity. Social identity plays a crucial role in behavioral choices (e.g., prosocial vs. aggressive behavior) and related decision-making processes. Parental identity in the online space is of particular significance in the study of this phenomenon. A search for peer-reviewed articles was conducted in international databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO) for the period from 2019 to 2024 using the following keywords: "online identity", "digital self", "social identity online", and "virtual identity". Initially, 37 articles were identified. After applying selection criteria (e.g., no full text available, the journal is not listed in psychological databases), 25 articles were included in the final analysis. Results. It was found that both positive and negative aspects exist in the relationship between online identity and personal or socio-psychological characteristics of individuals. Furthermore, a range of consequences for online identity were identified, which are connected to a person’s behavior both in digital spaces and beyond them. Conclusions. Online identity can either complement or distort offline identity. Different digital environments offer both positive and negative opportunities for its development. Social identity plays a key role in behavior choice (prosocial or aggressive) and decision-making related to it. Parental identity in online spaces also represents a significant area of interest in studying this phenomenon.
Context and relevance. Modern challenges to society and the state have drawn attention to the problem of volunteering. The central issue is the motivation of the participating activity. While the position of the scientific community on the problems of psychological models of volunteering and the motivational characteristics of its participants is well defined, approaches to choosing extreme volunteering have hardly been studied. Objective. The purpose is to analyze foreign publications devoted to the determination of personal choice of participation in extreme volunteering. Hypothesis. Foreign approaches to the choice of volunteering are based on the autonomy and individualism of the individual. Methods and materials. The following methods are applied: the method of meta-analysis of information from the Internet publishing space based on 36 foreign sources on the problem of determining the personal choice of participation in extreme volunteering; semantic analysis and generalization. Results. It is shown that foreign approaches to the study of the phenomenon of «personal choice» differ in the absence of a single point of view. Experts have not decided on the dominant role and the ratio of internal motivating factors to choose volunteering and externally determined factors. In many cases, volunteering is explained from the standpoint of the theory of self-determination by E.L. Deci and R.M. Ryan, as well as an axiological approach. The problems of volunteering are limited in comparison with other forms of volunteer activity. The determination of personal choice, which presupposes self-realization, the need for autonomy, career aspirations, and social identity, differs significantly from the national one, which is based on ideology, civic duty, justice, and patriotism in describing personal choice. Conclusions. The material is aimed at improving psychological support for extreme volunteering, allowing to expand the information and analytical base of promising scientific research in the field of legal psychology and security psychology, extreme psychology.
