促进农民增收是乡村振兴战略的重要目标之一,也是当前实现共同富裕最艰巨最繁重的任务.本文基于我国 2013-2020 年省级面板数据,构建农村三产融合发展水平的综合评价指标体系,探究金融科技与农民收入增长之间的关系.结果表明,金融科技发展显著促进了农民收入增长.机制分析发现,金融科技通过农业产业链延伸、农业多功能性发挥与农业服务业发展等农村三产融合发展路径积极作用于农民收入增长.同时金融科技发展与农民收入增长存在动态非线性关联.异质性分析表明,数字接入水平相对较高省份与农村人力资本水平相对较高省份的金融科技增收效应更强.为更好发挥金融科技对农民收入增长的带动作用,应进一步推行差异化的金融科技支持政策,打造农村三产融合发展支撑点,强化农村金融科技发展的人力物力保障,夯实农村金融科技创新发展的基础.
解决好承包地调整问题是落实"第二轮土地承包到期后再延长三十年"工作的关键.对四个延包试点村组的调查发现,各组的延包方案都内含调地选项,土地调整采用确权确亩不确地、利用机动地调整、以减地实现增地的方式进行.二轮延包下试点村组的土地调整呈现以下逻辑:将调整承包地作为满足农民诉求的优选方案,采取"不做大调整,适度小调整"的方式兼顾政府要求和农民利益,土地调整的基本原则是集体成员共享和按人平均分配.建议在保持承包关系稳定和长久不变的基础上,对稳定承包关系的基础是以户为单位还是以人为单位、是否存在除"土地"以外的办法解决人地矛盾、土地调整会对农业经营规模造成何种影响等三个重点问题进行深入探索.通过分层分类试点、扩大试点范围的方式,更好地认识和解决二轮延包中的承包地调整问题,进一步明确保持土地承包关系稳定的有效实现形式.
已有研究偏重以农村场域内个体农民的公共文化服务需求为方法论基础,而以城乡融合发展阶段的农民家庭制度转型为基础,捋清农民家庭代际公共文化服务需求,是创新农村公共文化服务供给机制的重要方法.城乡互动融合发展的"市民农民化"实践新形态,使农民家庭制度从传统"一家一制"转型为"一家两制"的生活方式,农村公共文化服务需求相应嵌入城乡新公共文化空间,展现家庭代际公共文化服务需求分殊的特点,形塑不同村庄整体公共文化服务需求偏好.供给方式失调、供给空间非均衡、供给人才匮乏等导致的农村公共文化服务供给侧结构性失衡问题,显然不适应农民家庭"一家两制"生活方式塑造的农村公共文化服务需求侧新结构.将农民家庭"一家两制"生活方式作为重要抓手,创新农民家庭代际公共文化服务的需求精准识别机制、数字化供给平台机制、县域供给统筹协调机制和供需衔接保障机制,有益于优化升级农村公共文化服务供给侧结构,提高农村公共文化服务供需的适配率和精准衔接度.
以县域为重要切入点的城乡融合发展路径,主要关注作为官僚体系关键环节的县域政治、作为均衡发展核心支撑的县域经济、作为秩序维系基本依托的县域社会这三重维度所合力构建的支撑体系.在政治维度上,县政是最基础的一级基层政权,是应对城乡融合相关政策落地过程中面临的地域差异性境况和多元化需求的基础单元,同时县政处于城乡二元结构的结合点,是城乡治理体系从分治转向合治的关键所在.在经济维度上,县域在国家财政体系中承担基础性支撑,是城市反哺乡村的体制通道以及城乡经济交融的"牵线人",是城乡人口双向流动和产业互动融合发展的重要单元,对畅通城乡要素循环、促进城乡经济均衡发展发挥桥梁作用.在社会维度上,县域作为社会秩序维系的基本单位,是应对城乡融合发展过程中暴露的利益冲突与社会矛盾的重要单元,并构成兼具"社区"与"社会"属性、融合传统与现代要素的共同体,成为城乡文化互动融合的价值单元.在这些意义上,县域在重塑新型城乡关系和实现城乡融合发展方面具有独特价值和功能.
[Objectives]The purpose of this paper was to clarify the effects of different light treatments on the plant growth, tuber formation and the expression of key tuber formation related genes in aeroponic potatoes. [Methods]. The potato varieties‘Zhongshu 18’and‘Zhongshuzao 35’were used as materials, and virus-free plantlets with 3 weeks of consistent growth were selected. Six light treatments including two photoperiod[12 h/12 h（P1）,16 h/8 h（P2）]and three light intensities[150 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 （L1）,350 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 （L2）and 550 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 （L3）]were set up, recorded as: P1L1,P1L2,P1L3,P2L1,P2L2 and P2L3,respectively. The growth and photosynthetic indexes and the expression of related genes were measured. [Results]Under the condition of P1,the net photosynthetic rate, aboveground biomass, underground biomass, stolon number, tuber number per plant and yield per plant of the two varieties were P1L3,P1L2 and P1L1 from high to low, and the P1L3 treatment significantly accelerated the tuber formation of ‘Zhongshu 18’and‘Zhongshuzao 35’,which were 10.3,3.1 and 7.4 and 4.2 d earlier than those of P1L1 and P1L2. The expression of StPHYF,StCO1,StSP6A and StSWEET-1 genes in leaves and stolons at stolon initiation and swelling stages also increased significantly with the increase of light intensity. There was no significant difference in net photosynthetic rate between P2L2 and P2L3,but both were significantly higher than P2L1. The aboveground biomass, underground biomass and stolon number of P2 treatment increased with the increase of light intensity, and were significantly higher than P1. Long-day illumination inhibited the tuber formation of the two varieties. Compared with P1L1,P1L2 and P1L3,the tuber formation time of ‘Zhongshu 18’and‘Zhongshuzao 35’treated with P2L1,P2L2 and P2L3 were delayed by 22.3,12.8 and 13.7 d, and 12.4,3.7 and 3.6 d, respectively, and the yield and large tuber rate were reduced. P2 treatment up-regulated the expression of StPHYF and StCO1 in leaves and stolons, while the expression of StSP6A and StSWEET-1 were significantly inhibited. [Conclusions]In the production, the method of long-day strong seedling in the early stage can promote the occurrence of stolons, and short-day induction in the middle and late stages can promote the formation of tubers and improve the production efficiency of aeroponic potatoes.
