According to different studies, high intake of natural products is associated with reduced cancer risk. It is suggested that the specific concentrations of phytochemicals may have cancer chemo-preventive effects without causing significant levels of toxicity. Nowadays, there is an increasing emphasis on combination chemotherapy using cytotoxic and natural chemotherapeutic agents. The successes of combination chemotherapy suggested that all cancers could be treated by providing the correct combination of drugs at the correct doses and correct intervals of administration. Silybin is the active ingredient of Silybum marianum that has been used in traditional medicine because of its liver protective effects in different countries. It can also modulate imbalance between cell survival and apoptosis through interference with expressions of cell cycle regulators and proteins involved in apoptosis. In present study, nano-liposomal formulations containing silybin have been prepared and their anti-tumor activities alone and in combination with doxil were assessed in a mouse TUBO breast tumor model. After injection of liposomes, tumor size and survival were monitored on 3 occasions a week for 100 days. The results of in vivo studies showed that anti-tumor efficacy of silybin liposome formulations alone in treated mice were not significantly more than control animals on day 27. In the other two groups, the efficacy of doxil and doxil-silybin (p<0.001) liposomes were significantly more than control animals. Also according to our data, even 100 days after inoculation, 83% animal survival was observed in doxil-silybin liposome were used simultaneously but in case of doxil alone, the survival percentage reached to almost 40% and for silybin liposomes alone reached to 20%. Therefore there is a significant difference between survival percent in control group with doxil alone (p<0.001) and doxil-silybin liposomes combination (p<0.001). The survival percent of the control group reached to zero, on around 40 days after tumor inoculation. In conclusion, these results indicated that combination therapy using Doxil and silybin can induce improvement in chemotherapy of treated mice.
The God said in the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning. (John 1:1). Chinese Laozi said Way that can be spelled out. Cannot be the eternal way. Names that can be named. Must change with time and place. ???Emptiness??? is what I call the origin of heaven and earth. ???Existence??? is what I call the mother of everything that had a birth. (The book of Way, or the book of Daodejing) Chinese Dao is the same with the word in Bible. The book of EA or Changes said, in the system of EA there is the Great Ultimate, it generates the two Modes (Yin and Yang). The two Modes generate the four Forms. The four Forms generate the eight Trigrams. The eight Trigrams generate the sixty four divinatory trigrams or phenomena. EA has three essential properties, say easy, ever-changes, and non-changes. Appreciate emptiness from Taiji, that we may see nature of the Way???s versatility. Appreciate existence, that we may see the extent of the Way???s possibilities. These two, Emptiness and Existence, came from the same source. The micro observation of the world from the view of the Chinese Taiji matched with the Quantum mechanics. The quantum entanglement can be described by Yin-Yang Taiji, and the quantum superposition can be described by eight Trigrams. The Nano science application can be enriched by Quantum mechanics and Taiji philosophy likes quantum computer, quantum telegraph, and quantum medicine.
Nanoparticles have been widely used as remedies for disorders for a long time. They are 10-9 m specks of substances that can be found both naturally and synthesized in the laboratory with metal and nonmetal materials. In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized using the citrate reduction method, and the 35 nm size of the nanoparticles was determined using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer at 525 nm wavelength. The synthesized nanoparticles were further studied on MCF-7 breast cancer cells to understand how various genes are expressed in the induction of apoptosis in signal transduction pathways. The results obtained from the anticancer activity of the gold nanoparticles showed approximately 90% inhibition of cell growth after 72 hours of treatment. Western blot analysis demonstrated the downregulation of p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2) protein due to gold nanoparticle treatment. Moreover, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of apoptotic genes revealed the upregulation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, Bax, and caspase-9. The results assembled from this study further indicates that p44/42 MAPK, p53, caspase 9 and Bax play a major role in the mechanism of apoptosis in the MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Novel nanostructures have been fabricated continuously with the help of the development of nanotechnology. These structures have a series of greatly different physical properties from their bulk counterparts, making them to have a great potential application in the physics, chemistry, materials science, biology and life science, nanoelectronics and nanotechnology. Research on two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and graphene-like group-IV materials is of fundamental scientific interest from the view of the variety of applications. For example, graphene possesses extreme mechanical strength, exceptionally high electrical and thermal conductivities, as well as many other supreme properties, all of which make it highly attractive for numerous applications. Inspired by the prospective properties of graphene, there has been increasing interest in its ???cousins???, i.e., two-dimensional honeycomb lattices composed of other group-IV elements, e.g. Si and Ge, which naturally have been considered to have a graphene-like hexagonal structure with similar exceptional properties. Layered silicon oxide is also an important building block that provides insulating barriers in electronic devices, e.g. as a gate oxide in field effect transistors. Moreover, thin silica films grown on metal single crystal substrates can be used as model systems for studying the structure-property relationships of silica and related materials using surface science techniques. This talk mainly focuses on the mechanical, electronic, magnetic and thermal transport properties of the two dimensional (2D) graphene-like materials.
We aim to reach concrete structures (low to medium rise) resist external environmental factors (hot climates - humidity - coastal environment - earthquake - frost areas - noisy areasindustrial areas - weather fluctuation - stormy areas.. etc), characterized by high fire resistance (externally and internally), achieves higher structural balance rates, higher sustainability rates & higher durability with longer life than counterparts. All of that achieved by using lightweight high performance structural concrete with totally environmentally friendly materials that donot involve any harmful substances, we called it :(KanCrete) it is the concrete of the future because, with all these features we do not use any (unconventional) materials, as they are composed of (coarse & fine aggregates) and (ordinary or resistive cement) have the same composition proportions as any conventional concrete, but with the addition of some elements to get all of these advantages, Without a significant increase in cost. (KanCrete) density = (1600 to 1850 kg / m3), reducing 25 % to 35% of conventional concrete weight, Compressive strength = 423 to 523 kg/cm2, with 40% to 75% more than conventional concrete, Heat gain %age = 2.47% to 2.58%, with heat transfer resistance 25 times of insulated conventional concrete, Not permeable to liquids and harmful substances & Chemically balanced in the face of harmful environments. we obtain fully structural system integral components and members, with full distribution of loads in various loading states, high stable & tough structure system.
