Electron beam fuse deposition(EBFD)is a rapidly developed metal 3D printing technology in recent years.The EBFD technology was used to print 304 stainless steel materials.The effects of different accelerating voltages in the process of EBFD on the morphology,density,microstructure and mechanical properties of the forming products were compared.The results show that when the accelerating voltage is 50 kV,there are a few austenite grains in the microstructure.When the accelerating voltage is increased to 60 kV,the austenite grain boundary is completely formed,and the growth continues with the increase of the accelerating voltage.When the accelerating voltage is 60 kV,the comprehensive mechanical properties are the best,the anisotropy is the weakest,and the fracture is ductile fracture.
Air entrainment defect is a common type of defect in the casting process, which will seriously affect the quality of the casting. Numerical simulation technology can predict the occurrence of casting defects according to the evolution law of liquid metal in the process of fill ing and solidification. The simulation of air entrainment process is a hot and difficult issue in the field of numerical simulation. The evolution law of air entrainment and the tracking of induced bubbles in the process of metal filling are still lacking. So is the quantitative prediction of trained gas. In this paper, based on the numerical simulation software of Inte CAST, this paper proposes an algorithm for air entrainment search and tracking, which is used to develop a quantitative prediction system for air entrainment. The feasibility of the system is verified through the simulation calculation of the typical test pieces of the air entrainment and the prediction of air entrainment defects of the casting in the process of filling is obtained through the simulation calculation of the actual casting, which can provide a certain guiding role for the optimization of the process in the production practice.
In order to improve the reliability and stability of complex joints hybrid welding, this paper establishes an arc numerical analysis model, studies the T-joint high-frequency rotating laser-GMAW hybrid welding arc physical characteristics, and expounds the effects of laser rotation frequency along with rotation radius on arc plasma temperature, velocity, and metal vapor concentration field distribution. The research results show: the arc is more likely to start on the bottom plate and vertical plate surfaces, and the current density at the angle between the plates decreases significantly; temperature drops at the hybrid welding arc tail, the current effective distribution radius was reduced, and current density was more concentrated; the laser beam rotation frequency increases, the eruption speed of the metal vapor ejected from the keyhole decreases, while the meeting height of arc plasma and laser-induced metal vapor decreases; and, with an increase in rotation radius, the laser rotation speed increases accordingly. At the same rotation frequency, the injected metal vapor kinetic energy and rising height are reduced.
Mechanical vibration in the high-temperature forging production line often causes large forging thermal dimensional measurement error in the detection task, so a vibration point cloud compensation method based on an acceleration sensor is proposed in this study. First, the vibration signal is obtained through the built-in acceleration sensor in the laser camera. After the acceleration of the camera vibration is detected, the displacement of the camera in three directions is solved by secondary integration. Subsequently, the coordinate value of the corresponding point is obtained by the rotation matrix transformation so as to compensate and correct the point cloud deviation caused by the camera vibration. Finally, the forging point cloud is matched using the surface matching algorithm in Halcon. An automatic forging production line for wheel hubs has been built, and the key dimensions of high-temperature forging products have been measured online using the developed method. After the forging point cloud is compensated, the average measurement error of dimensions is reduced from ±0.9 mm to ±0.1 mm, and the standard deviation is reduced from 0.52 mm to 0.056 mm. Using the vibration point cloud compensation method based on the acceleration sensor, as well as using silica aerogel insulation, vibration structural parts, heat insulation and constant temperature, a blue-violet 3D laser camera, and other measures, the dimensional detection accuracy of high-temperature forgings in the forging production line can be improved, and the instability of dimensional detection can be reduced.
目的 实现工业金属导管数字化快速制造,提高导管制造质量,缩短装备研制周期.方法 采用基于知识工程驱动的三维数字化设计技术、人工智能技术、计算机仿真技术,开发导管数字化制造集成系统,该系统主要包括导管数字化制造子系统、拼装夹具数字化设计子系统和系统管理子系统,进行导管三维建模、工艺设计与仿真、拼装夹具设计和导管数字化检测,实现金属导管数字化快速制造.结果 实现了多种装备上千种不同类型导管的数字化快速制造,提高了生产效率,导管数模的利用率达 100％,导管试装合格率达 78％,制造周期缩短了 2 个月,生产成本显著降低.
