This study was conducted to determine the effect of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)-based psychoeducation on suicide risk and social functioning in patients with depression. The study was conducted with 100 patients with depression (50 intervention, 50 control) in the psychiatry clinic of XXXX University Hospital as a pre-test and post-test with control group experimental research. Data were collected by using Descriptive Information Form, Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) and Social Adaptation Self-Evaluation Scale. Patients with depression in the intervention group received 8 sessions of CBT-based psychoeducation, while no intervention was administered to patients with depression in the control group. After CBT-based psychoeducation, the suicide probability level (88.72 ± 18.50) of patients with depression in the experimental group decreased compared to the suicide probability level (94.98 ± 18.92) of patients with depression in the control group, and the social functioning level (62.40 ± 8.86) increased compared to the social functioning level (51.74 ± 8.18) of patients with depression in the control group. In the study, it was found that CBT-based psychoeducation made a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) on the suicide probability and social functioning levels of patients with depression in the experimental group. CBT-based psychoeducation provided to patients with depression was found to be effective in reducing the suicide risk level and increasing the level of social functioning in these patients.
Albert Ellis consistently maintained that the ultimate therapeutic goal of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) extends beyond disputing situation-specific irrational beliefs to identifying and modifying the deeper philosophical beliefs from which they arise. This article re-examines Ellis’s writings on the ABC model, irrational beliefs, and philosophical change, arguing that enduring philosophical belief change—not simply the restructuring of situation-specific beliefs— was the principal mechanism through which Ellis believed enduring improvements in emotional wellbeing, adaptive functioning across life situations, and overall life satisfaction and fulfilment were achieved. Ellis employed two main therapeutic pathways to achieve this goal: in some instances using the ABC model to move from situation-specific beliefs to their underlying philosophies, and in others identifying philosophical beliefs directly through systematic questioning. The article argues that contemporary neuroscience provides a plausible explanatory framework for these distinctive pathways. Current research suggests that deliberate cognitive reappraisal of situation-specific irrational beliefs primarily recruits executive control networks centred on the Prefrontal Cortex. By contrast, the broader philosophical beliefs through which people habitually interpret themselves, others, and life events are thought to exert their influence through processes within the Default Mode Network. These processes integrate autobiographical memory, self-knowledge, and enduring philosophical beliefs to construct the personal meaning assigned to experience. These interacting neurocognitive systems provide a contemporary rationale for distinguishing between therapeutic change achieved through restructuring situation-specific beliefs and broader, more enduring change resulting from philosophical belief modification. The article concludes by considering the implications of this perspective for REBT theory, clinical practice, therapist training, and future research.
Perfectionism in creative domains is simultaneously the mechanism of extraordinary achievement and a documented pathway to psychological collapse. This paper examines it through a theoretical and illustrative analysis of Darren Aronofsky’s Black Swan (2010), applying Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Internal Family Systems (IFS), and the Extended Evolutionary Meta-Model (EEMM). Nina Sayers is a fictional construct, and the limits of fiction as clinical material are stated explicitly and carried through the whole analysis. Every clinical claim concerns what the film depicts or what the frameworks infer, never diagnostic or causal findings. The paper reads the distortions Beck’s CBT identifies in Nina as downstream products of the absolutistic demands Ellis’s REBT targets. Demand-first, schema-first, and reciprocal orderings are compared, and the REBT reading is defended as an organising lens rather than a demonstrated causal hierarchy. Four cross-framework observations and a worked, idiographic formulation of the shame process follow, presenting a hypothesised dependency network with candidate intervention points.
In the complex web of life, coping with challenges is essential. Meaning-based coping reduces dysfunctional reactions to stress and increases psychological resilience to adverse experiences. Therefore, comprehending this mechanism is essential. The primary focus of this study was to examine the mediation of meaning-based coping between forgiveness and resilience, using data from 363 participants in two waves at 3-month intervals. Participants were 233 women (64.2
Currently, there is an increased prevalence of stress, child abuse, and adverse childhood experiences among children, especially Nigerian school children, which is related to mental health problems. This prevalence has left a significant proportion of school children vulnerable to insecurity and rape. This study evaluates the effect of Rational Emotive Family Health Therapy in reducing stress in children with irrational behaviours stemming from adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). It is a double-blinded and randomized study. A total of 104 schoolchildren in Enugu State, Nigeria, who met the inclusion criteria, participated in the study. The study utilized an individually randomised trial design. Three self-report measures were used for data collection: the Childhood Stress Scale (ESI) developed by Lipp Lucarelli (2005) and the Adverse Childhood Experiences-Questionnaire (ACE-Q) developed by Felitti et al. (1998). The measures were administered before and after the treatment, with a follow-up conducted 2 weeks after the treatment. A Rational Emotive Family Health Program (REFHP) derived from the manual developed by Ede et al. (2020) was used as an intervention. Repeated measures with analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the effects of the intervention. The results indicated that Rational Emotive Family Health Therapy had a significant effect on stress and irrational beliefs scores of Nigerian school children with adverse childhood experiences compared to those in the active control group at Time 2. Furthermore, the effect of Rational Emotive Family Health Therapy on reducing stress in children with ACEs was significantly sustained at follow-up measurements (Time 3). In conclusion, this study suggests that Rational Emotive Family Health Therapy is an effective intervention for decreasing stress and irrational beliefs in children with adverse childhood experiences. Therefore, cognitive behavioral therapists can further explore the efficacy of Rational Emotive Family Health Therapy across various cultures.
