This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the differences in nutrient intakes on the onset of eye disease in the ophthalmic disease group vs. the normal group. The analysis method of this study was performed by adjusting age and gender. The daily caloric intake was 1,672.1±26.4 kcal in the ophthalmic disease group which was significantly lower than the 2,041.5±13.6 kcal intake in the normal group (P=0.006). The intake of proteins (P=0.015) and carbohydrates (P=0.000) was significantly lower in the ophthalmic disease group than in the normal group. The incidence of eye diseases was found to decrease by about 0.79 (95% CI: 0.74∼0.83) times as the NAR index of protein was increased, followed by 0.79 (95% CI: 0.64∼ 0.98) times with an increase in niacin consumption. In this study, income, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, and quality of life were considered as the confounding variables related to eye disease, along with age and gender, but did not lead to show significant results. It was found that the ophthalmic disease group had an unbalanced nutritional intake compared to the normal group. Therefore, we conclude that nutrition education is necessary to ensurebalanced eating habits for management and prevention of degeneration after the onset of eye diseases.
The study examined the perceived health status, dietary habits, and health-related lifestyle habits of mid-dle-aged men and women in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do areas. The survey was conducted on 670 individuals (320 men and, 350 women), aged 40 ∼ 64 years, in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do areas. The online and written data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 25.0 program. Although there was a significant difference in the perceived health status (P ＜ 0.01), there were no significant differences in the subjective stress and the current disease status according to sex. For dietary habits, the scores for fruit intake (P ＜ 0.05), meat and fish intake (P ＜ 0.05), milk and dairy products intake (P ＜ 0.01), and seaweed intake (P ＜ 0.05) were higher in women than men. The scores for three-meal eating (P ＜ 0.05) and water intake (P ＜ 0.01) were higher in men than women. For the health-related habits, alcohol-drinking frequency, daily alcohol consumption, smoking experi-ence, and daily smoking were higher in men than women (P ＜ 0.001). In contrast, caffeinated beverage intake, exercise frequency, and daily smart-phone, computer, and TV using time were similar in both sexes. The meal-eating time was faster in men than women (P ＜ 0.01). For dietary behavior changes, only appetite showed a significant gender difference (P ＜ 0.05). This study provides essential information on the perceived health status, dietary habits, and health-related lifestyle habits in middle-aged men and women. Nevertheless, further research and a practical nutrition program will be needed to solve undesirable dietary habits and im-prove the health and lifestyle of middle-aged adults according to sex.
This study investigates perception of the free school meal program, satisfaction of school meal, and eating habits of free and paid school meal program students in the Busan area. Between 20 to May 2020, a total of 350 students were researched, of which 177 belonged to the second grade of high school (free school meal program), and 173 were from the third grade of high school (paid school meal program). 96.0% free school meal program students and 89.0% paid school meal program students responded to the necessity of a free school meal program, which was significantly different between the two groups (P＜0.05). All questions regarding the perception of the free school meal program, which were responded to by more than 3 points, were considered positive. ‘Decline of the school meal’s quality’ had the maximum response, from 64.4% and 76.4% free and paid school meal program students, respectively, and was significantly different between groups (P＜0.05). Paid school meal program students wasted significantly more school food than the free school meal program students (P＜0.001). ‘Not delicious’ was responded by 56.0% free school meal program students and 50.0% paid school meal program students. Evaluating satisfaction of the food quality and service categories was determined to be higher amongst free school meal program students than the paid school meal program students (P＜0.05). Considering our study data, we propose that with the gradual expension of free school meal programs, inclusion as part of the education system will serve as a foundation for proper eating habits, and compulsory education will help improve students’ health and quality of life.
