Research on shooting methods of 3-D program production far natural and fatigue-free 3-D images is under way. Toed-in and parallel camera configurations are available far shooting 3-D programs. The former is usually used because shooting and viewing conditions can be easily set to get a desired 3-D design. It has been shown, however that this camera configuration brings about the inconsistency between depth information by lens perspective and by binocular parallax, and that this inconsistency leads to the size distortion called the puppet theater effect. This effect describes the tendency of objects in 3-D images to look unnaturally small. On the contrary, the parallel camera configuration does not cause such inconsistency under the specific shooting and viewing conditions called the orthostereoscopic condition. The possibilities of representation in 3-D images using this method are discussed in this paper.
In 1967 Bartleson and Breneman applied experimental results of scaled brightness perceptions in complex fields to the analysis of image tone reproduction (Jour. Opt. Soc. Am., 57: 953, 1967). Other workers have suggested the use of brightness perception data obtained with simple-field viewing conditions for tone reproduction analysis. There are, however, significant differences between the perceptual functions for simple- and complex-field viewing. This paper describes the effects of one such difference on the estimation of optimum tone reproduction gradients. It is shown that the complex-field data relate more realistically to tone reproduction requirements in that they accord better with independent, empirical results found in the study of optimum tone reproduction. A simplified expression for predicting relative brightnesses in complex images is proposed for use in studies of tone reproduction.
