Introduction: For Indigenous peoples, institutionalized childbirth may create tension between ancestral practices and biomedical maternity care. This study aimed to describe the meaning of the childbirth experience among Wayuu women. Methods: A qualitative ethnographic study was conducted in La Guajira, Colombia, from 2022 to 2023. Purposive sampling, supplemented by snowball recruitment, included 19 Wayuu women and three general informants. Data were generated through 16 individual interviews, one focus group with six Wayuu women, observation–participation–reflection, and field notes, and analyzed using Leininger’s four-phase ethnonursing method. Results: The overarching pattern was “seeking harmony between culture and humanization.” Nine patterns converged around preserving cultural identity, navigating fear and territorial barriers, and seeking respectful communication, family support, and participation in decisions during institutionalized childbirth. Discussion: For Wayuu women, institutionalized childbirth sustains cultural continuity while seeking clinical safety; culturally congruent nursing requires respectful communication, family support, and shared decision-making that recognizes ancestral practices.
Introduction: Adolescent motherhood remains common in rural Pakistan, yet research has focused on obstetric and neonatal outcomes, leaving adolescent mothers’ experiences within family and cultural contexts underexplored. Understanding these experiences is important because family relationships and social expectations shape psychological wellbeing and can inform family-sensitive nursing care. We explored how adolescent mothers experienced motherhood in Pakistan. Methods: We used interviews, observations and artefact-based conversations in this ethnographic study with 25 mothers who experienced pregnancy between the ages of 15 and 19. Reflexive thematic analysis was used, with intersectionality as an interpretive lens after theme development. Results: Three themes were identified: (a) marriage without choice and obligatory motherhood; (b) intergenerational advice on pregnancy and maternal practices; and (c) belonging within moral and material hierarchies shaped by age, child sex, caregiving and sacrifice. Discussion: Findings show household authority, culture, child sex and hardship shaped psychological wellbeing and can guide culturally responsive, family-sensitive nursing support.
Introduction: This study examined the mediating effect of multicultural efficacy and the moderating effect of intellectual humility on the relationship between cultural empathy and cultural competence toward North Korean defectors among nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 156 nursing students from three universities in South Korea in 2025. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlations and Hayes’ PROCESS Model 7 with 50,000 bootstrap resamples. Results: Cultural competence was positively associated with cultural empathy, multicultural efficacy, and intellectual humility. Multicultural efficacy mediated the relationship between cultural empathy and cultural competence. Intellectual humility moderated the association between cultural empathy and multicultural efficacy but not the indirect effect on cultural competence through multicultural efficacy. Discussion: Multicultural efficacy is a critical mechanism linking cultural empathy to cultural competence among nursing students. Intellectual humility appears to facilitate the early pathway between cultural empathy and multicultural efficacy rather than an overall indirect pathway.
Introduction: Cultural competence has long guided transcultural nursing education; however, its foundational principle, that providers can master a patient’s culture, may be epistemically flawed and clinically insufficient for the dynamic, diverse patient populations nurses encounter daily. Discussion: Cultural humility-centered care, understood as a relational quality of the clinical encounter rather than a provider-level trait, better accounts for the co-constructed nature of cross-cultural interaction. It is more likely to produce care that is meaningful, safe, and acceptable to patients across cultural backgrounds. Recommendation: Nursing education, clinical practice standards, and outcome measurement frameworks warrant a shift from cultural competence checklists to relational cultural humility standards, with patient-defined outcomes as the eventual benchmark of success, pending development and validation of encounter-level measures.
