Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a C4 grass plant, originated from the tropics and generally from more heat and drought tolerant regions. In present study the experiments were conducted in a split plot design with three replications during post-rainy season 2020-21 at Centre on Rabi Sorghum (ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research) Solapur under three levels of water regimes (three environments) along with four checks viz., Phule Suchitra, CSV-26, Phule Anuradha & M35-1. Drought tolerant and susceptible genotypes were categorized on the basis of Stress Susceptible Index (SSI), Weighted Geometric Mean index (WGMI) and regression line. Growth Stage -I correlation coefficient between maturity, plant height and panicle length [0.46**] was positive and significant which indicates that as plant height and maturity increases, panicle length also increases. Growth Stage – II correlation coefficient between panicle length and peduncle length [0.62**] was positive and significant, which shows higher the peduncle length, higher will be the panicle length and it is directly related to higher stover yield. Under all environments it was observed that, higher the peduncle length, earlier will be the flowering. Under GS-1, GS-II and WW environment Correlation between days to 50% flowering, maturity of the plant were [0.44**], [0.56**] and [0.57**] respectively shows positive and significant relationship under all environments. This is the common trait found in all environments. In water stress conditions Phule suchitra (20.07) and DTE-14 (21.14) varieties gave high grain yield as compared to other early verities. In physiological experiment, stomatas were observed in stem leaf and flag leaf which showed that flag leaf played important role in photosynthesis and supply of more energy to the plant for growth and development. The results are first of its kind observed under this study.
In order to determine best selection criteria for moisture stress tolerance, thirty-one diverse genotypes including 27 bread wheat lines along with two triticale and one each of durum and barley were evaluated to assess different components of variability, correlation and path analysis using various morpho-physiological, grain yield and yield contributing traits in moisture-stress conditions under both field and controlled conditions. Analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic variation for all the traits studied under field and controlled conditions which indicated the presence of sufficient genetic variability amongst genotypes for these traits. Grain yield per plant, tillers per plant and harvest index exhibited moderate estimates for PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance while seedling dry weight exhibited high PCV and GCV coupled with high heritability and genetic advance. Based on correlation and path analysis, grains per spike, biological yield and harvest index emerged to be the important selection criteria under moisture stress conditions. Flag leaf area, peduncle length and dry matter accumulation also appeared to be the important traits based on their direct or indirect contributions towards grain yield. Most of the seedling traits showed positive correlations among themselves, but none showed significant positive correlation with biological yield, harvest index and grain yield per plant at maturity. Elite genotypes viz., HPW 432, HPW 433, Tarmori, Kanku, Old Synthetic 26 and Old Synthetic 54 having good combination of important yield components and / or morpho-physiological traits could be utilized in the wheat improvement programme for enhancement of productivity under moisture-stress conditions.
The present study was conducted at the Research Farms, Department of Climate Change and Agricultural Meteorology and Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during the rabi season of 2021-22. The experiments were conducted under split plot design with 3 replications having three dates of sowing (20th October, 5th November and 20th November) and 2 disease inoculation levels (Inoculated and un-inoculated)in main plots with three varieties (HD 2967, PBW 725 and HD 3087) in sub plots. The experiments were conducted under open conditions and under poplar plantation. The micrometeorological parameters like photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), canopy temperature and relative humidity within crop were observed at periodic intervals under both growing environments. Among micrometeorological parameters, Incident PAR (1280 Watt/ m2 in open and 910 Watt/ m2 under poplar plantation) and temperature inside the canopy (25.8ºC in open and 24.6ºC under poplar plantation) was maximum in 20thNovember sowing. While, relative humidity (56.3% in open and 59.0 % under poplar plantation) was maximum in 20th October sown crop. The grain yield was maximum (38.3 q/ha) in 20th October sowing followed by 5th November (37.0 q/ha) and 20th November (33.5 q/ha) sown crop under open conditions. Whereas, under poplar plantation, grain yield was comparatively lesser than open conditions. The grain yield was maximum (27.6 q/ha) in 20th October sowing followed by 5th November (26.0 q/ha) and 20th November (21.4 q/ha) sown crop under poplar plantation. Among different varieties, PBW 725 gave higher grain yield under open and poplar plantation conditions.
A set of 14 exotic-based wheat genotypes along with two check varieties were evaluated in four environments. The experimentation was conducted for two consecutive years during 2018–19 and 2019–20 at Karnal and Hisar locations. The variability observed in exotic-based genotypes is much higher than check varieties. Simultaneous improvement of GFeC, GZnC, and GPC is possible due to strong and positive correlation among the studied traits.Two genotypes i.e.,G7 (BFKW-7) and G3 (BFKW-3) are suitable candidates to be utilized as potential donors for simultaneous improvement of all three traits, as these are found to be both stable and have high trait value.G4 (BFKW-4) for GFeC and GPC, and G11 (BFKW-11) for GFeC and GZnC, and G10 (BFKW-10) for GZnC and GPC were also potential donors. These stable genotypes would be a potential source for high GFeC, GZnC, and GPC to develop biofortified wheat varieties.
Gene identification is the process of identifying genomic DNA regions that encode proteins. It has a wide range of applications in structural genomics, functional genomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and other genetic-related studies such as genetic disorder detection, treatment and prevention. There are several methods for finding genes, including the ab-initio method (intrinsic) and the sequence similarity search. Crops are typically improved by crossing plants with desired traits, such as high yield or drought tolerance, and selecting the best offspring after multiple generations of testing. It could take 8 to 10 years to develop a new variety. Breeders are very interested in new technologies that can speed up or improve the efficiency of this process. The term "marker-assisted selection" has been used in plant breeding and genetics science since the mid-1990s. The term MAS broadly refers to all forms of selection based on genetic data. MAS is becoming increasingly important in today's world because it aids and improves plant breeding efficiency by monitoring the presence or absence of desirable genes in breeding populations. This is achieved by precisely transferring genomic regions of interest (Foreground Selection) and hastening the recovery of the recurrent parent genome (Background Selection).
