Graphical Abstract Highlight Research 1. 25 mg L⁻¹ AMPEP produced the highest cell density (55.96 ×10⁶ cells mL⁻¹) and growth rate (1.02 day⁻¹). 2. Low AMPEP concentration maximized biomass yield (7.13 g L⁻¹). 3. AMPEP increased total carotenoids while chlorophyll a remained unchanged. 4. Lipid accumulation peaked at 25 mg L⁻¹ AMPEP (14.81% w/w). Abstract Chlorella sorokiniana is widely investigated for biomass and biochemical production, yet its responses to different concentrations of seaweed-derived biostimulants remain incompletely characterized. This study examined the effects of Acadian Marine Plant Extract Powder (AMPEP) on growth, cell size, pigments, and lipid content in C. sorokiniana. Cultures were maintained in BG-11 medium for 21 days with AMPEP concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, and 150 mg L⁻¹, using a completely randomized design with three independent culture vessels per treatment. Measurements of cell density and specific growth rate were repeated throughout cultivation. Among the concentrations tested, 25 mg L⁻¹ yielded the highest observed cell density (55.96 ± 8.91 × 10⁶ versus 17.60 ± 4.84 × 10⁶ cells mL⁻¹ in controls), specific growth rate (1.02 ± 0.12 versus 0.66 ± 0.04 day⁻¹), culture dry weight (7.13 ± 0.96 versus 3.57 ± 0.26 g L⁻¹), and lipid content (14.81 ± 0.26 versus 6.28 ± 0.40% w/w). Cells were also larger in AMPEP-supplemented cultures than in controls. Pigment responses, however, differed between volumetric concentrations and cellular quotas. Volumetric chlorophyll a did not differ significantly among treatments, whereas carotenoid concentrations varied, with higher values at selected AMPEP concentrations. In contrast, cellular chlorophyll a and carotenoid quotas were highest in untreated cultures. Thus, AMPEP elicited concentration-dependent responses rather than uniform enhancement across growth and biochemical endpoints, with 25 mg L⁻¹ giving the strongest observed growth and lipid responses. These findings apply to the tested laboratory conditions; confirmation requires finalized longitudinal analyses and evaluation under larger-scale cultivation conditions.
Graphical Abstract Highlight Research 1. SWOT–ISM analysis places Gili Matra MPA in a grow and build position with strong ecological–tourism potential. 2. Key drivers include regulation, zoning effectiveness, enforcement, institutional capacity, and infrastructure. 3. Linkage strategies focus on stakeholder collaboration, monitoring technologies, and local livelihood diversification. 4. EVIKA-based adaptive governance supports sustainable ecotourism and is transferable to similar MPAs. Abstract The Gili Matra Marine Conservation Area (Gili Matra MPA) in West Nusa Tenggara Province is under growing pressure from rapid marine tourism expansion, while internal governance constraints weaken management effectiveness, thereby increasing the vulnerability of coral reef and seagrass ecosystems to localized degradation. This study aims to optimize adaptive governance for sustainable ecotourism in the MPA through an integrated strategic analysis. Internal and external factors were assessed using analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT), while strategic hierarchies and key driving factors were identified using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). The resulting strategies were aligned with the Conservation Area Management Effectiveness Evaluation (EVIKA) framework to formulate policy-relevant recommendations. The SWOT analysis placed the MPA in the "grow and build" quadrant, noting strong assets but highlighting infrastructure and enforcement gaps. The ISM analysis revealed a lack of "autonomous strategies," instead identifying foundational drivers (regulation, law enforcement, and institutional capacity) that enable linkage strategies (collaboration and monitoring technology). These ultimately support outcome-oriented results like conservation-based tourism products and Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes. In conclusion, implementing an adaptive governance roadmap aligned with the EVIKA framework is essential for sustainable management. Beyond its immediate application in Gili Matra, this model serves as a replicable framework for other marine conservation areas with comparable characteristics.
Graphical Abstract Highlight Research 1. Selorejo Reservoir shows chronic ecological stress, with instability strongly amplified during the dry season 2. O2 balance remained persistently negative, indicating that TOD frequently exceeded O2 supply. 3. Phosphorus enrichment and P-limited stoichiometry (N:P > 20) promoted eutrophication risk and cyanobacteria dominance. 4. An integrated framework (WQI–nutrients–oxygen–biology) provides a policy-ready basis for seasonally adaptive reservoir aquaculture management. Abstract Selorejo Reservoir is a multipurpose tropical reservoir increasingly exposed to eutrophication and seasonal oxygen stress, which may undermine ecological stability and limit sustainable aquaculture. To assess the ecological status and quantify its seasonal ecological carrying capacity for aquaculture using integrated nutrient, oxygen, and biological indicators. Seasonal monitoring was conducted from 2022 to 2024 by measuring temperature, pH, DO, BOD, COD, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate. Ecological stress was evaluated using a water quality index (WQI), ecological balance index (EBI), biodegradability index, nutrient stoichiometry, plankton community structure, and phosphorus loading and O2 balance (TOD-based). WQI classified the reservoir as suitable to highly suitable; however, ecological indicators consistently revealed chronic stress. DO frequently approached low levels (4.3–6.7 mg/L) under high organic demand (BOD 5.53–7.48 mg/L; COD 23.08–26.80 mg/L), while phosphate enrichment (0.009–0.422 mg/L) indicated eutrophic to hypereutrophic conditions. N:P ratios were highly variable (10.4–543.3) but mostly >20, suggesting phosphorus-limited yet bloom-prone dynamics. O2 balance remained persistently negative (−2.97 to −6.74 mg/L), EBI was dominated by at risk to exceeded categories, and plankton composition shifted toward strong cyanobacteria dominance in midstream–downstream zones. Selorejo Reservoir has a narrow seasonal ecological tolerance, with the dry season representing the highest-risk period. Sustainable management requires seasonal regulation of cage culture, improved feed efficiency, and watershed phosphorus control; future studies should quantify external nutrient loading and test mitigation scenarios.
Graphical Abtsract Highlight Research 1. Integration of direct coral spawning observations with larval dispersal modeling at Tunda Island. 2. High local retention rates are predominantly driven by larval pre-competent periods. 3. Larval export patterns indicate significant connectivity toward existing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Northern Java. 4. Emphasizes the critical need for integrated management of non-protected sites to sustain regional reef networks. Abstract Dispersal patterns varied significantly among the days of the spawning event. Event in 18 March showed particle distribution that favored local retention, whereas others event in 13 and 14 March showed a more export-oriented. Most particle remained within 50 km of the source reef, but a fraction dispersed up to 230 km and remained active, indicating potential for regional connectivity. Overall, most stranded particles occurring during the pre-competent phase, suggesting a temporal mismatch between biological settlement and reef contact. Spatial aggregation data show Tunda Island may function as larval source for multiple reef systems in Northern Java, such as Seribu Islands, Biawak Island, Ujung Kulon, even Karimunjawa Islands. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating empirical spawning observation with biophysical modeling to capture event-scale variability in connectivity and underscore the ecological significance of reef outside formally designated marine protected area in sustaining regional reef networks.
Graphical Abstract Highlight Research 1. This research provides initial and current information regarding seagrass on small islands right on the equator. 2. directly depicts the diversity, density and cover of seagrass in a unique region, namely a small island crossed by the equator. 3. The environmental conditions of marine waters in seagrass areas on islands crossed by the equator have been described. 4. The latest information specifically describing seagrass and the ecology of equatorial marine environments. Essential for the development of future knowledge and technology. 5. DNA barcoding was capable of resolving field identification challenges and providing taxonomic clarification based on DNA sequence data. Abstract The equator is a hypothetical line that separates the general region from the world. Complete information on coastal ecosystems has not been provided for seagrass in the equatorial latitudes. Seagrass is dynamically distributed throughout the equatorial latitudes. The area that the equatorial latitudes also traverse is known as the indotropic region. Eastern Indonesia's Kayoa Island is situated directly on the equator. A problem, namely how is the biodiversity of seagrass in the equatorial region. There are no published research on seagrass, particularly on biodiversity. The aim of this study is to reveal the diversity of seagrass in equatorial latitudes on the small islands. The methodology in this study was purposive sampling with a quadrant line transect was used to obtain the samples. In situ identification of seagrass species was done. Seagrass samples were taken from the leaves for DNA analysis purposes. Leaf samples were analyzed molecular in the laboratory. To determine the distribution of seagrass ecology and environmental were subjected to PCA analysis. The results found that six species of seagrass. It has been discovered that seagrass may grow and develop in the tropical region under typical environmental conditions. Despite the fact that six species were discovered, diversity was limited. In this region, seagrass cover is typically high and supports a healthy species density. In general concluded that diversity and density are low but cover is still quite good. DNA barcoding has revealed differences in morphological identification.This discovery represents preliminary data that can be investigated further in subsequent studies.
