Personalized medicine (PM) refers to a set of medical, diagnostic, and therapeutic activities and approaches based on the specific characteristics of each patient chr ('39')s genome. In fact, individual-centered medical approaches are based on personalization, meaning that each person chr ('39')s gene sequence and polymorphisms (SNPs) are different and explain the different courses of urological cancers and the different efficiencies of individuals in a protocol. The treatment is constant. Based on data from the Human Genome and Gene Sequence Project, along with proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics information, a number of molecular biomarkers are suggested as potential targets for guided cancer therapies. In urological malignancies, the expression and clinical significance of carbonic anhydrase in type IX in the bladder, kidney, and urinary tract cancers and the primary therapeutic approaches have been discussed. Prostate membrane antigen and radiolabeled analog neuropeptide receptors for prostate cancer are considered valuable prognostic factors in clinical trials. The results of the treatment of patients with urological cancers from a person-centered medical perspective will impose a lower cost on the patient and more effective treatment, which we will discuss in this article
Introduction: One of the most common manifestations of diabetic peripheral neuropathy is postural impairment and proprioception deficits. Whole Body Vibration (WBV) is a relatively new somatosensory stimulation, the effects of which on balance and proprioception in patients with diabetic neuropathy have not been adequately studied. This study aimed to investigate the effects of WBV on balance and proprioception of the ankle joint in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 30 patients with diabetic neuropathy who were enrolled based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups (15 patients in each group). The WBV group was subjected to WBV with a frequency of 30 Hz and an amplitude of 2 mm for 6 weeks and twice a week. Postural stability, balance indices, and ankle proprioception were measured before and after the intervention with the Biodex Balance System, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer, respectively. Results: The results of this study showed that the static and dynamic postural stability indices in different axes with eyes open showed a significant improvement in the intervention group (except for the dynamic stability index of the mediolateral axis). The repositioning error angle also showed a significant decrease in the maximum inversion minus 5 °. But the BBS and repositioning error angle at 15 ° inversion did not change significantly after 6 weeks of intervention. Conclusion: WBV can improve postural stability and ankle position sense in people with diabetic neuropathy. Clinical improvements in functional balance were also observed in these patients. WBV may be suggested to prevent progressive balance changes in diabetic patients.
Introduction: Assessing the course of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias is very important due to lack of a definitive treatment, increase in life expectancy, and aging population. This study aimed to investigate the long-term trend in the incidence and mortality rate of Alzheimer's and other dementias in Iran during 1990-2019. Materials and Methods: Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR) and Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) of Alzheimer's and other dementias was collected by sex, and incidence and mortality rates of Iran for each 5 yeas group was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease site. ASIR and ASMR trends were analyzed using the Joinpoint Regression model. Results: In this study, the trend of standardized incidence of age-related Alzheimer's and other dementias increased significantly by an yearly average of 0.02% for 30 years, and for the mortality rate, 0.004% annual insignificant decrease was observed. The trend in the standardized incidence and mortality of Alzheimer's and other dementias during the study period was declining for men but upward for women. The highest average annual percent change (AAPC) for incidence and mortality of Alzheimer's and other dementias was observed in the age group of 50-54 years with AAPC= 0.19, and 75-79 years with AAPC= 0.11 respectively. Conclusion: The results of study showed that in Iran the ASIR, and ASMR of Alzheimer's and other dementias is decreasing in male and increasing in femals, and also its rate is more in the area. Therefore, informative action, and more serious preventive steps should be taken, especially for women and in the age group of 50-54 years.
Introduction: Elevated liver enzymes and decreased total antioxidant capacity increase the risk of liver disease. Bread can be a good carrier for adding nutrients and effective herbs. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bread enriched with Portulaca Oleracea on liver enzymes, and some oxidative stress parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Materials and Methods: This parallel randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 104 patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Participants received bulk bread containing 10% Portulaca powder for 8 weeks (intervention group); the control group used bread without fortification. At baseline and end of the study for 4 weeks fasting blood sample were collected to quantify plasma serum level of liver enzymes include AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), GTT (γ-glutamyltransferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA). Results: The results showed that before the intervention, there was no significant mean between the two groups in terms of mean of the studied variables. Comparison of the mean change scores of predictor variables showed that except for malondialdehyde, there was a significant difference between the other variables in the two groups with a significance level of P<0.05. Conclusion: Consumption of portulaca fortified bread improved the function of liver enzymes and increased TAC in the subjects. Therefore, the use of portulaca oleracea in bread can be used as an effective method for prevention and treatment in patients with diabetes.
Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders and causes 75% of infertility due to ovulation disorders in reproductive age. Women with PCOS have oligomenorrhea and hyperandrogenism that affect their quality of life and fertility at the same time. This syndrome has been one of the most controversial endocrine issues for many years. Research today suggests that PCOS is an inherited disease and that genes are involved in transmission to the next generation. The results of this study, which was performed on thousands of women around the world, show that the expression of some genes has changed. The genes that have been studied are responsible for the synthesis and regulation of steroid hormones, the regulation of gonadotropins, and the synthesis and function of insulin. Although the underlying cause of pathogenesis is not yet known, there is evidence for the role of genetic factors, lifestyle, nutrition, and environmental pollution in the development of the disease. Therefore, it is hoped that the treatment of this heterogeneous syndrome will improve with the help of personalized medicine. Further studies are needed to determine the association between the various factors that may play an active pathogenic role in PCOS.
