Purpose The present study examines how transformational leadership and perceived organizational support jointly influence employees’ sense of job security in a hybrid work context. Design/methodology/approach Using a cross-sectional survey of white-collar employees in Romania and the Republic of Moldova, we tested a structural model linking transformational leadership, perceived organizational support and job security. Findings The results indicate that transformational leadership by itself does not significantly enhance perceived job security unless it operates through heightened organizational support. Transformational leadership showed a strong positive effect on perceived organizational support, which in turn had a significant positive impact on job security, fully mediating the leadership–security relationship. The findings underscore the importance of supportive leadership practices in bolstering employees’ job security. Originality/value The study offers novel insights into how leaders can cultivate an organizational environment that makes employees feel secure in their roles, especially under prevalent hybrid work arrangements.
Purpose Given the rapid introduction of new technologies into organizational environments, there is currently a need to understand which economic, technological and social factors can influence organizations to implement artificial intelligence (AI) in order to stimulate innovation. Thus, this research seeks to understand how the literature on the influence of AI on business model innovation has evolved, discovering which factors drive organizational interest on the part of organizations and how they can benefit with its implementation. Design/methodology/approach To this end, a bibliometric methodology was employed, complemented by an in-depth analytical review of each article. The analysis covered the period from the emergence of the research field to 2026, resulting in the systematic examination of 117 studies published within this timeframe. Findings Based on the bibliometric analysis, the articles were grouped into three clusters representing the main research streams in the field. The findings show that AI-driven business model innovation relies on dynamic capabilities, organizational resilience, strategic alignment, governance mechanisms and human–AI complementarity. The study also provides strategic insights to help organizations align AI adoption with their specific characteristics and contexts. Originality/value After creating an individual framework for each cluster, an integrative vision of AI in business model innovation was created, bringing together all the concepts under study, as well as an agenda for future research.
Purpose This viewpoint contribution revisits Heinz von Foerster's famous “Doomsday” article in the context of the twenty-first century transition toward artificial intelligence (AI), demographic stagnation and planetary boundaries. While von Foerster, Mora and Amiot (1960) projected a singularity of population growth for the year 2026, the world has instead entered an age of AI characterized by declining population growth, diminishing human intelligence, decreasing productivity and increasing ecological as well as social stress. This article argues that the contemporary challenge is no longer one of uncontrolled population expansion, but rather one of maintaining human flourishing, resilience, longevity and organizational intelligence. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on second-order cybernetics, systems theory, intellectual capital theory, organizational learning and humanistic management, the article proposes a shift from the industrial paradigm of quantitative growth toward a post-industrial paradigm of qualitative growth and human flourishing. Findings Human beings and human intelligence increasingly represent the scarcest resource in developed societies. This paper develops three interrelated arguments: First, humanity in the age of AI is experiencing not only ecological boundaries but also human, institutional, social and societal boundaries. Second, AI challenges simultaneously human intelligence as well as organizational productivity. Third, future longevity depends less on maximizing efficiency and more on cultivating attentiveness, system thinking, organizational learning and human flourishing. The paper concludes that von Foerster's legacy remains highly relevant because it redirects attention from deterministic forecasting towards system thinking and scenario planning. Originality/value In the age of AI, the decisive question is no longer whether humanity reaches “doomsday,” but whether humanity can develop sufficiently intelligent organizations to avoid creating its own self-fulfilling catastrophes.
Purpose Incentive contracts often do not govern all task elements for which a subordinate is responsible. In these situations, trust among the contracting parties is crucial for the effort the subordinate exerts on non-contracted task elements. This paper aims to examine the emergence of trust and its performance effects, accounting for the complexity of the task environment and the different cognitive bases of trust. Design/methodology/approach The paper employs an agent-based simulation following the framework of NK fitness landscapes and builds on the integrated model of leader-member exchange of Brower et al. (2000). In the simulation model, artificial organizations search for superior organizational performance where decision-makers' contracts are incomplete, i.e. not governing all task elements contributing to organizational performance. In the simulation experiments, the complexity of the task environment and the cognitive bases of trust-building, especially on the superior's side, are varied. Findings The simulation results suggest that the complexity of task environments plays a twofold role in trust-building and its performance effects: first, as complexity increases, dynamics arising from interrelated feedback loops affect trust among contracting parties; and second, this, in turn, reinforces frequent intra-organizational adjustments. These effects are moderated by the cognitive bases of trust-building. Consequently, in highly complex task environments, higher trust among parties does not universally improve organizational performance. Originality/value The paper contributes to the literature by analyzing the interplay between the complexity of an organization's task environment and the dynamics of reciprocal trust that unfold in pursuit of superior organizational performance. Moreover, by using agent-based simulation, the paper showcases how computational methods can further advance trust research in organizational contexts.
Purpose Although tourist feedback has been extensively examined through customer satisfaction, service quality, destination image, and electronic word-of-mouth, its role in the continuous regulation of tourism service systems remains comparatively underexplored. Design/methodology/approach This study adopts a qualitative case study design based on 262 publicly available TripAdvisor reviews posted between 2022 and 2025 for a five-star hotel in Uludag, Türkiye. Reviews were analysed using an iterative thematic coding procedure supported by MAXQDA 2020, qualitative and mixed-methods data analysis software. The resulting thematic relationships were interpreted through organisational cybernetics, with particular emphasis on homeostasis, requisite variety, intrinsic control, and adaptive regulation. Given its single-case, review-based design, the study seeks analytical rather than statistical generalisation. Findings The findings indicate that tourist feedback functions as recursive regulatory information rather than merely as post-consumption evaluation. Visitor-generated feedback enables organisations to detect operational disturbances, interpret service conditions, support adaptive decision-making, and continuously regulate service delivery. The analysis shows that adaptive regulation emerges through the interaction of multiple cybernetic mechanisms rather than isolated managerial actions. Originality/value This study develops the Cybernetic Service Regulation Model to explain how visitor-generated feedback functions as recursive regulatory information supporting adaptive service regulation within winter tourism systems. By extending both tourism systems research and organisational cybernetics, the model provides a theoretical explanation of how continuous feedback contributes to organisational learning, adaptive decision-making, and long-term organisational viability.
