Abstract The Lapindo mudflow, which has been a source of significant environmental and socioeconomic challenges, has drawn attention to the contamination of sediments, particularly with metals and rare earth elements (REEs). A review of existing literature highlights various factors influencing sediment contamination, including natural geological processes and human activities such as mining and industrial operations. Research indicates that metals like cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe), along with REEs such as lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), and neodymium (Nd), are commonly found in the Lapindo mudflow sediments. These elements not only impact local ecosystems but also have potential significance for their economic extraction, especially for optoelectronics application where its availability is crucial especially in current unstable word situation. Several studies also emphasise the role of miner-alogical composition, which affects the mobility, bioavailability, and retention of contaminants in sediments. Biological remediation, through natural processes such as phytoremediation and microbial degradation, has also been explored as a means to mitigate the negative effects of contamination. However, current literature highlights the need for more comprehensive studies on the long-term environmental and economic consequences of sediment contamination. This review concludes that while some aspects of Lapindo mudflow contamination have been explored, there remains a significant gap in understanding the full scope of the impacts and opportunities for sustainable management. The findings underline the importance of continued research to inform mitigation strategies and improve management practices for the long-term benefit of both the environment and local communities. Finally, Lapindo Mudflow can be considered a potential (alternative) source of strategic elements to sustain the production of optoelectronic components (photovoltaics, lighting).
Abstract Flooding is a critical abiotic stressor that adversely impacts crop growth, including rape-seed ( Brassica napus L.). Iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles (NPs) are emerging as a promising approach for mitigating such environmental stressors. This study aimed to assess the potential of soil-applied Fe₃O₄ NPs to alleviate the adverse physiological effects of flooding on rape-seed. Under controlled climate chamber conditions, plants were subjected to flooding following a pre-treatment application of Fe₃O₄ NPs at concentrations of 0, 50, and 100 mg/L. Results demonstrated that the 50 mg/L treatment significantly mitigated flooding stress, evidenced by increased total chlorophyll content, improved root development, and enhanced scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). These antioxidant mechanisms reduced oxidative stress, thereby preserving cellular integrity and photosynthetic function. However, the beneficial effects were strictly dose-dependent; the 100 mg/L concentration exhibited diminished efficacy and induced phytotoxicity compared to the optimal 50 mg/L dosage. These findings demonstrate that optimised, low-concentration Fe₃O₄ NP applications can effectively enhance rapeseed resilience to flooding. Future field studies are required to validate these outcomes and elucidate the underlying mechanisms for practical agricultural implementation.
Abstract This study assesses the performance of four reanalysis datasets, ERA5, NORA3, CERRA, and EMD WRF Europe+, by comparing them to Doppler LiDAR measurements taken at 192 m in Riga, Latvia. The analysis focused on wind speed, wind direction, Weibull distribution, turbulence intensity (TI), and its diurnal variation, using multiple statistical metrics. All datasets showed strong agreement with the LiDAR data, with correlation coefficients between 0.88 and 0.90. NORA3 performed best overall, while ERA5 had the lowest systematic and relative errors. Wind direction exhibited larger discrepancies, likely due to differences between short-term measurements and climatological reanalysis fields. Both CERRA and EMD underestimated turbulence intensity relative to LiDAR observations. Overall, the results indicate that reanalysis datasets can reliably estimate hub-height wind speed but require careful validation for turbulence intensity and site-specific wind resource evaluations.
Abstract AI agents that autonomously write, test, and modify code are now deployed across architectures that share similar surface features but differ substantially in where and how operating control is exercised. Contemporary systems span general-purpose SDKs, prompt-native work-flow packs, interactive coding shells, hosted agents, memory services, and durable workflow runtimes, yet the existing language of framework comparison often treats them as interchangeable. The remaining problem is comparative precision: these systems still look artificially similar if operational control and durable experience are assumed to live in the same architectural layer. This paper proposes control-plane placement, complemented by memory substrate analysis, as a comparative method for modern agentic systems. The organising principle is the enforcement set – the collection of architectural layers that can independently constrain agent behaviour, and the five system families compared here represent its five stable configurations. The method asks where workflow policy, tool exposure, permissioning, routing, verification, and recovery are specified and enforced, and separately how durable experience is stored, searched, updated, and reused across sessions. Using official documentation and open-source implementation evidence, the paper compares prompt-native systems, prompt-modular shells, runtime-governed shells, host-mediated or coordinator forms, and durable workflow runtimes across a twelve-system ecosystem. It contributes a qualitative coding matrix for control-plane salience and a companion memory-oriented comparison covering artefact memory, procedural memory, write-policy visibility, and traceability. The paper also argues that coding-agent benchmarks are best read as evaluations of model × reasoning policy × harness/runtime × memory substrate × environment under explicit tool, budget, and infrastructure conditions. The result is a more discriminating vocabulary for agentic AI and a clearer method for comparing rapidly converging systems.
The rapid advancement of high technologies in healthcare requires medical personnel to continuously adapt to new tools and processes. This study explores the impact of remuneration as organisational culture on the well-being of medical professionals working with high technologies and self-perceived health status of inhabitants. The study identifies key factors that influence performance of medical professionals to decrease patients' fear of medical personnel and institutions and increase awareness of qualified medical personnel related to more adequate remuneration. The objectives of this study are to analyse scientific findings on organ-isational culture and its relation to performance of medical personnel, as well as analyse data from the database IVP070 and DSV030 of the Central Statistical Bureau of the Republic of Latvia. For data analysis, descriptive statistics methods were used. Findings indicate that a strong organisational culture characterised by collaboration, leadership support, and continuous learning plays a crucial role in enhancing professional efficiency and patient outcomes. Furthermore, the study highlights how improved well-being and efficiency among medical personnel contribute to the economic sustainability of the healthcare sector, general population and, consequently, the overall economic stability of the country. By improving efficiency through a supportive work environment, healthcare organisations can contribute to better service delivery and a more resilient economy, ultimately leading to increased national productivity and growth. This research highlights the importance of cultivating a positive organisational culture not only to improve individual worker performance and patient outcomes but also to promote the long-term economic sustainability and growth of a country.
