Professional zakat is a contemporary issue in Islamic law that has emerged alongside changes in the modern economic structure, particularly the dominance of the service sector and bureaucracy. In Indonesia, professional zakat is not only developed through fiqh discourse. Still, it is also institutionalized through public policies, such as the Governor of West Nusa Tenggara Number 15 of 2016 concerning the management of professional zakat for the State Civil Apparatus (ASN). This article aims to analyze these policies from the perspective of fiqh and fiqh proposals, with an emphasis on the validity of the Qiyās method and the application of the structure of ḥukm waḍ'ī zakat. This study employs a juridical-normative approach, analyzing classical and contemporary fiqh literature. The results of the survey show that professional zakat is a matter of ijtihadiyyah, disputed among scholars, and its determination as an administrative obligation through regional regulations may raise methodological concerns, particularly regarding qiyās Ma'a Al-Fāriq and the neglect of zakat conditions and barriers. Therefore, it is necessary to reformulate the professional zakat policy to align more closely with the principles of Islamic law.
Educational transformation in the contemporary digital era, marked by globalization and rapid technological advancement, demands an adaptive, integrative, and contextual curriculum. In the context of madrasahs, the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) curriculum is required not only to preserve Islamic values but also to address challenges in digital literacy and social dynamics. This study aims to examine the alignment of the PAI curriculum structure in madrasahs with the demands of the contemporary digital era. This research employs a literature review, analyzing relevant scientific journals, academic books, and research articles. The findings indicate that the existing PAI curriculum structure in madrasahs remains fragmented, with limited integration among PAI subjects and insufficient alignment with the competencies required in the 21st Century. The reconstruction of the curriculum structure based on integrative principles, contextual learning, and the utilization of educational technology is considered capable of enhancing the effectiveness of PAI learning. This study concludes that reconstructing the PAI curriculum structure is a strategic necessity to strengthen religious character while simultaneously developing students’ competencies in the contemporary digital era.
Al-‘urf, as one of the sources of Islamic law, plays a strategic role in shaping Islamic economic law, particularly in addressing contemporary socio-economic dynamics. This study examines the application of al-‘urf in the wage system for irrigation services in Gayam Lor Village, Botolinggo District, Bondowoso Regency, where no fixed wage standard is predetermined. The compensation mechanism between irrigation workers (lobenyu) and farmers is based on widely recognized local customary practices. This research employs a qualitative method with normative and descriptive-analytical approaches. The findings indicate that the practice constitutes an ijarah (service-based contract) characterized as ujrah al-mithl, since the wage amount is determined flexibly based on field conditions and is not stated during the contract session. Therefore, this ‘urf al-amali practice possesses Sharia legitimacy as long as mutual consent and fairness between both parties are ensured.
In Islamic law, the distribution of inheritance must be determined fairly based on the Faraidh principle, which regulates the share of each heir according to Islamic Sharia. However, in practice, manual calculations in inheritance distribution often lead to conflicts and errors, especially in more complex cases such as the distribution of inheritance for adopted children. This study aims to analyze the role of Faraidh mathematics in determining the inheritance of adopted children and evaluate the effectiveness of the use of the I-waris application. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with a literature study of Sharia sources and an analysis of the effectiveness of the I-waris application. Data were obtained from document reviews and application feature trials. The results of the study indicate that the integration of mathematics through digital applications such as I-Waris is an innovative solution in dealing with the complexity of determining inheritance rights, especially when involving adopted children. Based on the research that has been conducted, it can be concluded that the application of faraidh mathematics through the I-waris application has proven effective in solving the problem of calculating the inheritance of adopted children.
The problem of extremism and terrorism is one of the most serious and pressing issues facing contemporary society. It has become an urgent concern for those interested in the state of religion. This study will address the role of faith in confronting extremism and terrorism, based on the ideas of Sheikh Afif al-Din Mahajir in his booklet, which remains unpublished. The research aims to analyze the concepts of faith and security in this ideology, reveal the mechanisms that link them in confronting extremism, and evaluate the effectiveness of this vision in addressing this problem. To our knowledge, this topic has not been addressed in previous studies. The research relied on an inductive and analytical approach to analyze Sheikh Afif al-Din Mahjar's thought. The research concludes that Sheikh Afif al-Din Mahjar's thought presents an integrated vision of the concepts of faith and security, and that this vision contributes effectively to countering extremism and terrorism by strengthening the relationship between the three sisterhoods (brotherhood of faith, Islamic brotherhood, and human brotherhood), strengthening social ties, and developing proper religious awareness and good deeds. Sheikh Afif al-Din Mahajir's thought is characterized by moderation and balance, rejecting extremism in all its forms and manifestations.
