Pudella mephistophiles (de Winton, 1896), Ecuadorian Páramo Pudu, is 1 of 2 species in the genus Pudella. It is a very small, sexually dimorphic deer with a characteristic dark brown face. It is solitary, largely living at high altitudes in the Páramo, near humid montane forests of the northern Andes, in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Until recently, P. mephistophiles was affected by hunting, and currently by habitat loss mainly because of agriculture. It is infrequently observed or captured and considered “Data Deficient” (DD) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Sigmodon hispidus Say and Ord, 1825, the Hispid Cotton Rat, is a sigmodontine rodent with small ears, black eyes and feet, dense brownish-black pelage with bands of yellow just below the black tips, gray hairs on the ventrum, and a tail about 40% of total length. This account is an update of Mammalian Species 158 on the subject species by Guy N. Cameron and Stephen R. Spencer (1981), incorporating more than 160 new references, most since 1981. Sigmodon hispidus, 1 of 4 species in this Neotropical genus in the United States, has an expanding distribution, especially in the central states, and populations in 3 locations in northern Mexico. Sigmodon hispidus is classified as “Least Concern” (LC) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List.
Abstract Tylomys nudicaudus Peters, 1866, is a large cricetid commonly called Peter’s Climbing Rat. It can be distinguished from other members of Tylomys by its reddish-brown to light brown dorsal pelage, which becomes more intense on the flanks, whitish or pale reddish-yellow ventral pelage, and large, dark, naked ears. The tail length is almost as long as head–body length, naked, and shiny with large scales forming wide rings along the dark, proximal two-thirds; the distal portion of the tail is white. It is a nocturnal and crepuscular arboreal species that inhabits deciduous and evergreen tropical forests in México, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, and Nicaragua. Globally, it is listed as “Least Concern” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Otocolobus manul (Pallas, 1776) is a small, solitary, terrestrial felid commonly called the Manul and is the sole species of its genus. It occurs in Afghanistan, Armenia, Bhutan, China, India, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, the Russian Federation, and Turkmenistan. Otocolobus manul might still occur in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan but might be extinct in Azerbaijan. As assessed in 2020, O. manul is listed as “Least Concern” (LC) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Red List of Threatened Species, with an estimate of 58,000 adults, although the population might be decreasing.
Abstract Callicebus oenanthe Thomas, 1924, commonly known as the San Martín Titi Monkey, is endemic to the northern portion of the department of San Martin, in the Alto Mayo and Huallaga river valleys. It lives in family groups, consisting of a monogamous pair and their offspring. It occurs at elevations between 200 and 1,000 m. Callicebus oenanthe feeds primarily on fruit, but includes other foods like leaves, flowers, and invertebrates in its diet. Although locally common, the species is listed as “Critically Endangered” (CR) both by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and under Peruvian legislation.
