BACKGROUND: There is limited evidence regarding the use of exercise training in the treatment of panic disorder. OBJECTIVE: To describe the role of psychological and cardiorespiratory variables in the therapeutic effect of a 12-week exercise training in panic disorder patients. METHODS: Eleven symptomatic panic disorder patients completed 24 sessions, 2 sessions/week, 70%VO2max) aerobic exercise training in addition to regular pharmacological treatment. Assessment was performed at baseline, six and 12-week periods. Exercise training intensity was individualized according to maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing data. RESULTS: Patients who exercised in conjunction with pharmacotherapy obtained significant improvements in several variables. Exercise training produced a selective, rather than a general anxiolytic impact. An early (6-week) effect was observed in fear of physiological arousal, interoceptive conditioning and in the frequency and intensity of panic attacks. Smaller additional 12-week effects were found in health concerns and agoraphobic cognitions, with no significant impact in agoraphobia. CONCLUSION: A 12-week aerobic exercise training protocol was well-tolerated and able to improve several psychological and cardiovascular indicators in most patients with panic disorders. Further studies are needed to identify the best training protocols and long-term effects of exercise, as well as interactions between cardiorespiratory and psychological variables in this context.
BACKGROUND: English is the lingua franca of science; it is the language of the two last world superpowers and the language of four out of the world’s ten greatest producers of science; it is a fairly simple language and the most hybridized language in history, with Latin and French contributing 60% of the entire English lexicon. The object of this study is to determine whether the frequency of use of imported words is a function of literary genre. METHOD: texts were randomly selected from (a) medical scientific original articles, (b) newspaper financial reports, (c) sport reportages, (d) literary texts and (e) colloquial English; for comparison a collection of similarly distributed texts were selected from Portuguese; the frequency of occurrence of Latin or Neo-Latin words was determined in the English texts as well as the occurrence of non-Latin or non-Neo-Latin words in the Portuguese texts; a oneway analysis of variance was used to determine whether significant differences occurred between genres in the two languages. RESULTS: The frequency of occurrence of Latin/French words in English text was significantly dependent on the literary genre, being maximal in medical scientific texts and minimal in colloquial English; in contrast, the frequency of occurrence of non-Latin words in Portuguese was constant throughout the same literary genres. CONCLUSION: The use of Latin/French words in English is directly proportional to the complexity of the literary genre, a phenomenon not observed in Portuguese, a typical Neo-Latin language.
Strategies for metabolic adjustments are often considered by athletes throughout a running event.Planning for such events during training does not always include variations from level training, even though up/downhill exertion should definitely be a part of such planning.The differentiation of training stimuli, under adverse conditions of intensity and inclination, can generate differentiated benefits.However, uphill running raises expectations of deleterious effects.The imposition of different slope gradients throughout running could generate increased metabolic demands for sports performance.Thus, the present study aimed to answer questions mainly about the acute effects of uphill running, its relationship with aerobic performance, allowing us to introduce new hypotheses for future studies in the area on the subject.Gaps still need to be filled concerning the relevance of uphill running, and its determinants.Many of the points presently under scrutiny only lead to speculative explanations; for logical reasons, more studies should focus on the prescription of training at different slopes.This is the point at which specific conditioning is required, because the regulation of the effort and the energy cost resulting from the imposition of uphill running during competitive races depends heavily on previous experiences.This review will cover recently published research on the subject.
OBJECTIVE:To compare adiposity indexes in physical activity individuals to evaluate behavior, diagnostic ability and to determine which parameter best reflects and diagnoses body fatness.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on 100 physically active individuals (59% female).The participants were submitted to anthropometric and body composition evaluation; we measured weight, height, circumferences, blood pressure and bioelectrical impedance analysis.A physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ, short version) was applied, as well as a questionnaire about the possible use of nutritional supplementation.The data were statistically analyzed, with significance level set at p <0.05.RESULTS: Mean age, height, weight and BMI were 24.2 ± 6.65 years, 169.5 ± 8.94 cm, 69.1 ± 14.83 kg and 23.9 ± 4.19 kg/m 2 , respectively, with a significant difference between the genders, except for age.Most of the subjects were in the normal weight range, with a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m 2 , and were very active.BMIfat correlated better with body fat for males (r = 0.896) and females (r = 0.935), followed by BMI (0.689 and 0.767, respectively) and BAI (0.590 and 0.718).CONCLUSIONS: Adiposity indexes are viable alternatives for the diagnosis of obesity and should be more explored as fast, practical and low cost measures in clinical practice.
I Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Programa de pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil; II Faculdade Unida de Campinas (FacUNICAMPS), Departamento de Educação Física, Goiânia, Goiás, GO, Brasil. III Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Laboratório de Pânico e Respiração, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil; IV Universidade Salgado de Oliveira (UNIVERSO), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e atividade Física, Niterói, RJ, Brasil; V Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
