SARS-CoV-2 spreading its tentacles across the world as a major world pandemic. There is race to develop suitable drug and vaccine for this disease. Due to lack of drugs at present, various anti-HIV drugs have been repurposed. Due to its vital role in virus replication, Spike (S) protein has recently been regarded as a suitable target for drug design. With an urgent and key need for safe and effective drug to combat this disease, we have explored 12 bioactive compounds from eucalyptus oil against Spike (S) protein from SARS-CoV-2. SWISS-MODEL was used for homology modeling. Molecular docking studies were conducted by using Patchdock analysis. Protein Interactions Calculator was used for protein interactions. Pharmacokinetics and In-silico ADMET profile (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) was also studied. Docking score showed effective binding of all bioactive molecules especially Toruatone to COVID-19 S-protein. Interactions results indicated that, Spike (S) protein / Toruatone complexes forms hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions. In-silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) studies provided guidelines and mechanistic scope for identification of potent anti-COVID 19 drug. This study highlights the potential of existing bio-active components from essential oil from eucalyptus to act as anti-COVID-19 drugs.
Spirulina is symbiotic, multicellular, and filamentous blue-green microalgae with symbiotic bacteria that fix nitrogen from air, that can be consumed by humans and animals. It has three species are Arthrospira platensis, A. fusiformis, and A. maxima. Arthrospira is used as a dietary supplement, also used as a feed supplement in the aquaculture, aquarium, and poultry industries. It is visible by the arrangement of the multicellular cylindrical trichomes in an open left-hand helix along the entire length. The trichomes have a length of 50-500 μm and a width of 3-4 μm. The body surface of Spirulina is smooth and without covering, so it easily edible by simple enzymatic systems.
Striga hermonthica is an invasive and destructive weed which is usually infects crops as well as pasture and wild grasses. It is widely distributed in many African countries including Sudan and it is traditionally been used as abortifacient, for pneumonia, fungal infections, as contraceptive, mosquito repellent and anti-diabetic. This study was aimed to identify morphology of whole plant and microscopic characteristics of the root, stem, and leaf and powder microscopy to support its botanical pharmacognostical characterization. Morphological and microscopic study was carried out using fresh and dry whole plant, the root, stem and leaves. The results of present macroscopic and histomicroscopic features of root stem and leaves of S. hermonthica and powder microscopic were reported which may provide useful information for the regulatory aspects of the quality control measures of the crude drugs.
