Background:Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is a heart rhythm disorder that occurs due to the presence of aberrant cardiac conduction pathways, where the phenomenon of circular conduction of the electrical phenomenon - "reentry" occurs. PSVT presents as: AV nodal tachycardia with reentry, AV reentry tachycardia and focal atrial tachycardia. Objective:The aim of the study was to investigate the causes, age group, gender, place of residence, causative factors, various and cardiac diseases and the role of non-use/use of therapy in the occurrence of PSVT attacks. Methods:In the cross-sectional study, 203 patients were evaluated, of whom 43.35% (88 cases) were male and 56.65% (115) were female. Results:The mean age of the patients included in the study was 40.16±16.13 years. The largest number of patients who sought treatment for PSVT belonged to the group of patients without any diagnosed cardiac condition. The mean age differences reflected in the number of attacks in patients were analyzed and it was concluded that there was a statistically significant difference (p=0.01) in the mean age of patients who had only one attack (37.0±16.1 years) compared to those with three or more attacks (40.2±15.4) years. Conclusion:PSVT is often a heart rhythm disorder with onset ranging from early age to old age. Once present, it tends to recur. Diagnosing and treating PSVT attacks is important for both the quality of life of patients and for the prevention of congestive heart failure.
Background:Diverticula of the gastrointestinal tract are common in older adults, most often affecting the colon. While typically asymptomatic, acute diverticulitis represents the most frequent complication and may lead to severe outcomes, including perforation, abscess formation, and diffuse peritonitis. Duodenal diverticula on the other hand is a rare clinical entity, and is frequently detected incidentally during proximal endoscopy. While most cases are asymptomatic, inflammation of periampullary duodenal diverticula may result in serious complications. Acute pancreatitis secondary to duodenal diverticulitis is exceedingly rare and has been described almost exclusively in isolated case reports. Clinical obesity, particularly increased visceral adiposity, has been associated with more severe inflammatory responses in complicated diverticular disease and may influence disease progression and outcomes. Objective:The aim of this article was to present a case of severe acute pancreatitis with peripancreatic fat necrosis caused by acute duodenal diverticulitis in a patient with clinical obesity. Case presentation:A patient presented with diffuse abdominal pain and was diagnosed with severe acute pancreatitis based on laboratory findings and radiological imaging. Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation, including radiological studies, proximal endoscopy, and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), excluded common etiology. Further assessment identified a markedly enlarged periampullary duodenal diverticulum as the most likely trigger, associated with peripancreatic visceral fat necrosis and with signs of multiorgan dysfunction. Subsequent anthropometric and body composition assessment confirmed clinical obesity with increased visceral fat area, which was considered a contributing factor to disease severity. Targeted pharmacological therapy combined with individualized nutritional intervention resulted in complete clinical remission. Conclusion:Complicated diverticular disease has been shown to be associated with obesity and increased visceral adipose tissue. Periampullary duodenal diverticulitis complicated by peripancreatic fat necrosis in patients with clinical obesity and increased visceral fat area is rarely described in the literature. Appropriate pharmacological treatment combined with a targeted dietary regimen aimed at reducing visceral adiposity may result in complete remission of severe acute pancreatitis. In patients with acute pancreatitis of unknown etiology and concomitant clinical obesity, duodenal diverticulitis and peripancreatic fat necrosis should be considered as potential underlying causes.
Background:Artificial intelligence (AI) is applied in numerous areas of society and has also led to significant changes in the field of medicine. Medicine is a branch of science of exceptional importance, and it is therefore necessary to ensure a high level of patient protection. The quality of healthcare has significantly improved through the use of artificial intelligence in various stages of the medical process, from the analysis of medical data and diagnostics, through therapy planning, to patient monitoring and the management of healthcare systems. Objective:The aim of this paper is to analyze the civil law aspects of artificial intelligence in medicine, with a particular focus on questions of liability for damage resulting from the use of such systems. Methods:The paper will first present the basic characteristics and areas of application of artificial intelligence in medicine, and then examine potential sources of damage and the legal basis for the liability of various stakeholders, including AI system manufacturers, software developers and data providers, healthcare institutions, and healthcare professionals. Special attention will be given to the challenges of proving causation and allocating liability in situations where decisions are made or supported by autonomous algorithmic systems. Results and Discussion:However, at the same time, numerous legal issues arise, particularly in the field of civil liability in cases where the application of artificial intelligence results in harm to a patient. Given the great importance of medicine and the need to ensure a high level of patient protection, the application of artificial intelligence must be accompanied by appropriate legal protection. The paper gives answers to a number of questions, with particular emphasis on the question of who may be held liable for damage caused by the use of artificial intelligence in medicine, as well as under which regulations and in what manner such liability is determined. Conclusion:Artificial intelligence has the potential to significantly enhance medical practice, its application must be accompanied by appropriate legal mechanisms that ensure patient protection and clearly define the responsibility of all participants in the system. Future legal development in this area will likely focus on further adapting existing civil law institutions to the specificities of artificial intelligence, while simultaneously strengthening preventive risk management mechanisms and transparency of AI systems in medicine.
Background:The integration of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in the dental field has enhanced the capacity to identify remnants of skeletal and decomposing human parts in forensic medicine. Gender classification plays a crucial role in identification, as it can effectively eliminate a significant percentage of possibilities. Objective:The current study aimed to assess the utility of maxillary sinus volumes and dimensions, including ostium positioning, in determining gender among a sample of the Lebanese population. Methods:Data from 140 maxillary sinuses were investigated by means of CBCT images from 70 patients. Three radiologists measured the volume, width, depth, height, and ostium-floor distance of the sinuses using computer software tools. The maxillary sinus volumes with a mean patient age of 58 years were calculated using a mathematically validated formula and compared across left and right sides, genders, dentate and edentulous patients, and various age groups. Results:Statistical analysis of maxillary sinus measurements revealed that both the volume and dimensions of the sinuses were greater in males than in females. Additionally, these measurements tended to decrease with advancing age. Notably, significant differences were observed among patients with natural teeth and those who are edentulous, particularly in the height of the sinuses, which was significantly greater in edentulous individuals, resulting in larger maxillary sinus volumes for both genders. The ostium-floor distance measurements demonstrated high bilateral symmetry, with mean values of 3.54 cm (SD 0.57) for the right side and 3.58 cm (SD 0.52) for the left side, suggesting consistent ostium positioning across the population sample. Conclusion:This retrospective study, which assessed the volume, dimensions, and ostium positioning of the maxillary sinus using CBCT images from 70 patients, revealed that males possess larger maxillary sinuses than females, with a trend towards reduction in size with increasing age. The bilateral symmetry in ostium-floor distance provides additional anatomical reference data for clinical and forensic applications. Thus, the determination of age and gender in forensic medicine utilizing CBCT may prove to be both useful and advantageous.
This year the journal "Medical Archives" celebrates 80th anniversary of the establishiment (1947-2026). With the name "Medicinski Arhiv" this journal was founded in the year 1947 as official journal of the Society of physicians of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). The first Editorial board was consisted of professors of the Faculty of Medicine of the University in Sarajevo opened in November 16th 1947: Vladimir Čavka, Blagoje Kovačević, Bogdan Zimonjić and Ibro Brkić. "Medical Archives" journal was a key milestone that helped in education of all academic and professional staff that became the foundation of Bosnian and Herzegovinian medicine, as a science and health care as a profession. The oldest medical journal in B&H was "Jahrbuch des Bosnisch-Herzegowinischen Landesspitales in Sarajevo" ("Annual of the National Hospital in Sarajevo") which was established in 1897 and printed in German language in the period from 1897 until 1900. From the year 1950 "Medicinski Arhiv" was included in the most influential and important index database MEDLINE, as one of oldest medical journals in Souut-Eastern Europe. The first aim of journal was to give a opportunity to young researchers from B&H to present their scientific and research work to wider community. The tradition of publishing of "Medical Archives" as the most recognizable journal in B&H, was kept by Editor of Professor Izet Masic in 1993 who in extraordinary and difficult occasions (during wartime in BiH from 1992 until 1995) re-established journal and continued printing of the war issues. Hopefully the MEDLINE did not stop to continue receiving "Medicinski arhiv" journal and did not stop accept of published articles of "Medicinski Arhiv" in Medline/PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, HINARI, EBSCO, and a lot of other indexed databases. From the year 2013 articles published in "Medical Archives" were included in PubMed Central with full papers (in extenso). Today "Medical Archives" belong to the most cited journals in former Yugoslavia countries with h-Index 38 in SCImago rank, it means 38 published papers in "Medical Archives" were cited 38 times in other indexed scientific journals worldwide, with SJR 0.33 and Q3 in the year 2024.
