Purpose: This paper examines the relationship between individual and collective memory in the construction of exilic identity in Gazmend Kapllani’s novels The Worst of One’s Own Self (2018) and The Last Page (2021). It aims at identifying the narrative strategies through which mnemonic processes shape individual and collective selfhood in the context of the Albanian diaspora. Methodology: The study employs a comparative literary method grounded in qualitative close reading by combining Ricœur’s (2003) narrative identity theory, Halbwachs’s (1992) collective memory framework, Fisher’s (1984) narrative paradigm, and Bakhtin’s (1981) concepts of dialogism and chronotope, as operationalized through Genette’s (1980) narratological categories. Findings: The analysis demonstrates that individual memory in Kapllani’s fiction functions not as a static archive but as a [1]continuous process of interpretation and reinterpretation, shaped by trauma, exile, and ideological pressure. Both novels mobilize memory as a narrative strategy for constructing a cultural, historical, and individual identity, in which the alienated subject negotiates selfhood across fractured temporal and spatial configurations. The narrative techniques of dialogism and chronotopic displacement are identified as the principal mechanisms through which personal memory is transformed into collective cultural testimony. Originality: This study represents the first systematic application of a combined Ricœurian–Bakhtinian framework to Kapllani’s two post-2015 novels, addressing a gap in existing scholarship, which has focused predominantly on his earlier memoir works and has not engaged with the narratological dimension of mnemonic identity construction in his fiction.
This study examines the legal status of Syrian refugees in Türkiye, emphasizing the effects of the open-door policy introduced in 2011, which permitted a large influx of women and children fleeing the Syrian civil conflict. The legal framework governing their status includes the Law on Foreigners and International Protection (LFIP) and the Temporary Protection Regulation, which enables temporary protection. With the overthrow of the Assad regime in December 2024, there is renewed focus on the voluntary return process. This research explores the differences in substantive divorce laws between Syria and Türkiye for vulnerable migrants, particularly Syrian women. This highlights the impact of changing marital status on the voluntary return process and the recognition of the Turkish court’s rulings in the country of origin in personal and family law disputes involving Syrian women.
This study examines internal migration in the Netherlands over the period from 2009 to 2022, providing insights into the magnitude, characteristics, and spatial patterns of movements between municipalities. Using comprehensive individual-level data from Statistics Netherlands (CBS), it explores demographic profiles of internal migrants, factors influencing mobility, and the structure of migration networks. The analysis draws on two main sources: the register-based node data of the Person Network of the Netherlands, covering the entire Dutch population, and the Social Cohesion and Well-being (SSW) survey, which provides detailed social indicators from a representative sample. Combining descriptive statistics, network analysis, and visualization techniques, the publication offers a detailed look at who moves, how far they move, and the reciprocal nature of migration flows across regions. The results highlight that internal migration significantly shapes demographic dynamics and regional development. Young adults, particularly those aged 20–30, are most mobile. This likely reflects educational transitions, early career development, and household formation, as these life stages tend to coincide with higher mobility. Additionally, educational attainment appears to be a major factor in migration rates, with the higher educated individuals showing higher mobility. Income also plays a role, as both the lowest and highest quartiles exhibit notable migration levels. A distinctive feature of the Dutch internal migration network is its high reciprocity—around 75% of migration flows are matched by reciprocal movements, reflecting relatively balanced exchanges among municipalities. Policymakers, researchers, and urban planners can use these insights to better understand population redistribution, address regional imbalances, and develop strategies that support sustainable community development across the Netherlands.
This study investigates the emotional maturity, perceived loneliness, and aggression levels among adolescents raised in single-parent households and combine parenting. The hypothesis posits that single parenting influences these psychological aspects in adolescents. A sample of 310 adolescents (aged 13-18) participated, selected through purposive convenient sampling. Measures included the Emotional Maturity Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale V-III, and Aggression Scale by Pamela Orpinas (2001). Results indicate that adolescents living with singles experience low levels of perceived loneliness, as compared to those with both parents exhibit high emotional maturity. Furthermore, adolescents from single-parent households display lower self-esteem. A negative correlation between perceived loneliness and emotional maturity. Demographic analysis reveals significant differences in emotional maturity, perceived loneliness, and aggression between genders, with males displaying higher levels of aggression. There was a significant difference between the single and combining parenting in Emotional Maturity, Perceived Loneliness, and aggression in Adolescence. These findings hold practical implications for clinical settings, particularly in counseling adolescents navigating conflicts with absent or stepparents and addressing loneliness issues within parental relationships. Therapeutic interventions can be tailored to enhance emotional maturity and alleviate associated challenges, thus contributing to the broader psychological discourse on adolescent well-being in single-parent households.
Online pricing is quite straightforward and might be the main factor in an online purchase. Even while price volatility is not new and is frequently used to boost sales and profitability, online businesses really benefit from it. The suggested study is the outcome of an ongoing project that intends to improve customers' ability to acquire the proper price on an e-commerce platform by employing reliable machine learning algorithms to produce a broad structure and relevant methodologies. Although the focus of this study is mostly on inventory-led e-commerce businesses, online marketplaces without stocks can also adopt this paradigm. With the use of statistical and machine learning methods, the study aims to forecast consumer choices based on dynamic or adaptive product pricing.
The major sources for gross domestic product among the developing countries across the world is agriculture. The nature and amount of crop cultivated along with its yield in each region varies with soil and climate. Additionally, the crop yield is affected by the disease. Paddy is the major food crops cultivated in several parts and it succumbs to several diseases. The farmers often find it hard to predict the nature of disease over the paddy crop. For supporting the farmer, a novel Deep Convolution Mini Patch Aggregation Neural Network (DCMPANN) classifier is proposed to predict and localize the disease in paddy crop using its image. The images of crop are collected in real-time and the novel hybrid tanh and sigmoid function is developed for the proposed classifier. Using performance metrics the performance of the DCMPANN model has been evaluated. The proposed DCMPANN model demonstrates the effectiveness on disease prediction on validated with existing systems.
The acceleration of the digital transformation of the businesses, the emerging requirements of sustainability, and the human resources functions’ importance have all contributed to the evolution of corporate strategies on a global scale. This research explores the combined effects of digital leadership, human resource practices, and sustainability orientation on organizational agility and innovation. Based on the Dynamic Capabilities Theory, the Resource Based View, and Stakeholder Theory, we propose and test a framework that is multidisciplinary in nature. The research surveyed 210 employees across the Information Technology, services, and manufacturing sectors in Pakistan. The analysis through structural equation modeling indicates that digital leadership, HR practices, and sustainability orientation predict organizational agility which in turn fosters innovation. Organizational agility acts as a mediator between the predictors and innovation. The results offer theoretical and practical contributions regarding the integration of leadership, HRM, and sustainability for better organization adaptability and innovation in fast-changing situations.
The design of Arabic typefaces is one of the most crucial elements in visual communication. It provides graphic designers with a powerful visual language for their designs. In this respect, it plays an effective role in establishing intellectual connections and solidifying the symbols of visual identity in modern Arabic letter design. This research aims to investigate the academic development level of graphic design students through the process of designing Modern Arabic typefaces to enhance their designs. Furthermore, it aims to analyze the most significant formal, expressive, and technical features involved in Arabic typeface design. Significantly, it addressed the criteria for designing modern Arabic typefaces. The research methodology involved the analysis of samples of modern Arabic typeface designs created by students in the Graphic Design Department at Al-Ahliyya Amman University in Jordan. The results confirmed the academic progress of graphic design students who added modern and diverse typefaces to the digital library, contributing to the enrichment of digital content. This underscores the importance of teaching Arabic typeface design in all graphic design departments and emphasizes the artistic and aesthetic elements of modern Arabic typography design. These elements play a significant role in engaging the audience with distinctive Arabic graphic designs.
The research aimed to reveal the factors that affect the adoption of technology during the epidemic period for Egyptian university students by studying the impact of independent (external) variables represented in students confidence in digital platform technology (SCDPT), expected performance (EP), expected efforts (EE), facilitating conditions (FC), social impact (SI) on the (internal) dependent variable represented by behavioral intention (BI) to make a system. A questionnaire was utilized to acquire information on the adoption and usage of digital educational platforms using the UTAUT paradigm. In addition, faculty members reached out to students using digital educational media, knowing they use them. The sample size is 450 students from three Egyptian universities (Damietta - Mansoura - Port Said) in the faculties of specific education, commerce, and literature during the Corona pandemic period (6-12-2020 to 27-12-2020). These faculties represent a model for the rest of the colleges in the governorates of the Arab Republic of Egypt (Damietta University 150 students - Mansoura University 200 students - Port Said University 100 students). The research found several results, the most critical being: There is an effect (of trust, expected performance, expected effort, social impact) on students' behavioral intention (BI) to adopt (EDP) to continue learning during the epidemic in the mentioned governorates.
Building an independent nation requires a multitude of young entrepreneurs. Various initiatives have been undertaken by both students and universities to foster an entrepreneurial orientation among students. This study aims to determine whether education influences the development of student entrepreneurial orientation by comparing those who have received entrepreneurship education with those who have not. The research sample consisted of 567 final-year students. A proportionate-quota sampling method was employed for data collection. The assessment of entrepreneurial orientation was grounded in the theory established by Lumpkin & Dess (1996). The results revealed significant differences in entrepreneurial orientation, particularly in the dimensions of innovativeness, risk-taking, and proactiveness, when comparing students who received entrepreneurship education with those who did not. Moreover, students with entrepreneurship classes and an entrepreneurial family background showed a greater entrepreneurial inclination than their counterparts without entrepreneurship education or an entrepreneurial family background. Consequently, both family and campus environments play a crucial role in shaping students' potential future careers as entrepreneurs.
The role of financial risk management is critical to the stability and growth of any organizations, while the dynamic nature of financial risks and the rapid growth of risk management techniques pose persistent challenges. The current study investigates the best approaches for managing financial risks, examining some of the limitations of traditional approaches while also examining the opportunities offered by new technologies. The value of the study comes from its contributions to organizational resilience, the ability to manage risk-return trade-offs, as well as for informing regulatory frameworks in an increasingly risk-aligned financial environment. This systematic review's major aim was a systematic review of the effectiveness of traditional finance risk management techniques and modern techniques, as well as their relevance in various industries, and their gaps. It also aimed to identify actionable steps for businesses and politicians to improve financial risk management practices. The researchers conducted a comprehensive search of several academic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, to find studies published between 2000 and 2023. The search terms were quite broad such as "financial risk management," "risk mitigation strategies" and "AI-based tools." Based on the search, the final analysis consisted of 85 studies. The data were extracted and analyzed after adhering to thematic analysis and PRISMA guidance. The findings suggest that while traditional approaches, including hedging and diversifying, are relevant in a stable financial environment, they are not sufficient to manage more complex risks from a stable standpoint. The more modern tools, including financial derivatives and AI-based technologies, are more flexible to execute as needed with AI-base credit risk models decreasing non-performing loans by 20%, for example. There still remains problem related to the costs, regulatory issues, and cybersecurity. The study also highlighted gaps in the literature, including the need to focus more on long-term evaluations of AI tools and also more context specific strategies for emerging markets. In conclusion, this research highlights the importance of integrating both traditional and modern risk management strategies to effectively tackle diverse financial risks, advocating for standardized frameworks, technological innovation, and ESG integration to build organizational resilience.
This research investigates the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) methods to enhance the management of academic queries, providing advantages for both students and educators. The study aims to improve the precision and pertinence of generated answers by combining LLMs with multi-source RAG systems. The model employs PDF datasets of various sizes and incorporates vector database support to streamline storage and retrieval, thereby boosting the model's capacity to handle extensive datasets. To process and produce comprehensive responses, the research utilizes the LLaMA model, which features a parameter range from 7 billion to 65 billion. The study addresses challenges such as textual imperfections in data retrieval, which can significantly impact the model's output. To ensure its robustness, the proposed model is evaluated using a diverse set of academic inquiries. Beyond answering course-related questions, the model also supports international students by providing information on scholarship opportunities and admission guidelines. This research contributes to the advancement of academic research tools by merging retrieval-augmented techniques with sophisticated LLMs, paving the way for future studies in education and generative AI.
This article explores the concept of securitization and the ways in which these practices are applied in the field of migration. After 9/11, there has been a new wave of securitization, as immigrants have been presented by the political elite and the media as a security threat. This has had an important impact on how migration is threated through politics and the law, and how migration is presented and perceived as a security threat by an important part of the host population. Migration is a global phenomenon, and in the past years, the securitization of migration has also become one. The article will explore what is understood as securitization, how this process takes place, and how this affects the rights of migrants. Furthermore, a selection of case studies will be presented to show the ways in which political discourses foster the securitization of migration and how these speech acts pave the way to apply laws and policies connecting migration to security. These cases will be useful to exemplify the importance of political acts on this process. Most important, this is useful to understand that securitization is the result of a political process based on inequality that entails the re-conceptualization of an international security threat.
The increase in the number of publications of scientific articles has also generated some unethical behaviors during the development of research, such as avoiding giving credit to the authors cited in their research, abusing the use of self-citations, pl[1]agiarism and self-plagiarism are some of the most frequent. In this context, the objective of this research was to determine the effects of the "APA Standards" program on academic communication in university students. The design is quasi-experimental, because there was no random assignment or matching, the groups were formed naturally. The design of related groups is intrasubject, with pre-test and post-test, one experimental and the other control. The results determined that there are statistically significant differences in academic communication after the application of the "APA Standards" program in favor of the experimental group when compared to the control group, with an effect size of moderate magnitude.
This study comprehensively examines and compares current heart disease prediction systems, focusing on Bayesian techniques versus conventional methods. We aim to determine their effectiveness and ease of interpretation in heart health prognosis. We use various statistical and machine learning models to analyze clinical and demographic data from a large patient population collected over time. Bayesian approaches, which handle uncertainty and complex variable interactions, are compared to simpler methods like logistic regression and decision trees. We assess the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC-ROC of Bayesian and traditional techniques to evaluate their predictive performance. Additionally, we analyze the models' ability to explain factors influencing heart disease outcomes, crucial for informed treatment decisions. By comparing Bayesian and traditional methodologies, this study helps academics and healthcare practitioners identify optimal modeling methods to enhance patient care and heart disease survival, advancing predictive analytics in healthcare and improving cardiovascular patient management.
In developing countries like Pakistan, an affordable, reliable, unimpeded, and sustainable supply of energy is a fundamental prerequisite for poverty reduction, increased investment and economic prosperity. Energy poverty has assumed great significance and captured the growing attention of researchers and policy-makers owing to its strong linkages with[1] economic poverty. This study aims to explore the impact of the energy crisis on the people and economy of Pakistan. This paper is an effort to investigate how the Sino-Pak energy collaboration through the mega project of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) will impact poverty reduction in Pakistan. It further explores the avenues of energy cooperation between China and Pakistan by realizing the conventional and non-conventional energy potentials of Pakistan. CPEC, a flagship project of the BRI, is supposed to play a vital role in this transition and expects to redress the economic woes of partaking countries. The findings indicate an inherent link between energy and economic prosperity of a country. Energy being one of the top priorities of CPEC, this mega project has strong potential to redress the energy issues of both China and Pakistan that will bring economic prosperity and reduce poverty in Pakistan.
This study delves into the often-overlooked human dimension of economic crises, exploring the complex relationship between inflation, unemployment, and suicide rates in Pakistan over the past two decades. Against a backdrop of persistent economic uncertainty, it investigates how fluctuations in key economic indicators—namely inflation, unemployment, broad economic conditions, and demographic shifts—can deeply influence mental health and contribute to the rising incidence of suicide. Using data from the World Development Indicators (2003–2023), the research employs a multiple linear regression model to quantify the impact of these variables on suicide rates. In this framework, the suicide rate serves as the dependent variable, while the economic and demographic indicators act as predictors. The findings uncover a strong and concerning link: rising inflation and unemployment are closely associated with higher suicide rates, reflecting the deep emotional and psychological strain caused by economic instability. Demographic shifts, such as changes in population structure, further intensify these effects, shaping mental health outcomes across different groups in society. By bridging economic analysis with public health, this study highlights the urgent need for integrated policy responses. It provides evidence-based insights to help policymakers address the root causes of suicide, emphasizing the importance of protecting both economic and mental well-being.
Faith-based organizations (FBOs) have gained recognition as primary responders to the disasters. This study situated in Pakistan is a timely endeavor to critically evaluates the mechanism of flood relief by Al-Khidmat Foundation (AKF). Employing Kreps and Bosworth’s (1993) model of disaster, organization, and role enactment, deductive methodological insights on preparedness, response and recovery strategies are highlighted. A realist-ontological framework was used to get the primary and secondary data of AKF. In-depth Interviews were conducted with 11 experts working at administrative, infrastructure and relief departments of AKF. Secondary data was obtained from AKF’s annual report (2022-2023) on flood response. document analysis and thematic analysis were the techniques to analyze the data. The results demonstrates that AKF being socially inclusive, locally grounded and culturally relevant is one of the most trusted charity organizations engaged in various activities including helping flood victims in Pakistan. AKF provided 15 billion aid through partnerships with more than 100 groups and contributions from professional and student volunteers. Organizational preparedness is ensured through risk identification, strategic planning, resource mobilization through 50 disaster management units, and community awareness in high-risk areas. The recovery operations entailed locating and rescuing 56,220 individuals and relocating them to 61 tent camps for sustenance. Their flood recovery initiatives encompassed the reconstruction of 10,000 residences. As part of their mitigation strategies, 300 educational and religious edifices, farmers’ training, the provision of skill development and educational resources, as well as mental and spiritual assistance remain most effective. It is found that AKF’s response and management mechanism though providing relief to the flood victims beyond religious affiliations at large, yet it is not developed on integrated model of disaster management. AKF lacks vulnerable-specific systematic response mechanism. Only medical services for aged, ill population and pregnant women are provided. Newborn and children’s specific need-based interventions with holistic approach are not found. Similarly, the study did not find any specific interventions when it comes to the inherent risks such as disaster and security hazards particularly for separated children and transgender persons. The study recommends brief policy guidelines with a particular focus on training on adaptation and mitigation to reduce the risks involved in disasters.
The transition from rural to urban environments can significantly impact students' academic trajectories. This study delves into the sociocultural factors influencing the academic performance of rural students in an urban university setting. By examining the interplay of various social identities through an intersectional lens, this research seeks to understand the challenges and opportunities faced by these students. Furthermore, the research emphasizes how urbanization affects rural students’ academic performance and well-being, focuses on sociocultural experiences, educational opportunities, and the processes of adaptation. The Study investigates how different social identities interact to influence students' experiences in urban environments, by using Kimberlé Crenshaw's theory of intersectionality. With a sample size of 383 students, the study was conducted at Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, adopted a stratified random sampling design. The researcher manuall[1]y distributed an in-depth survey for data collection, and IBM SPSS Statistics version 22 was used for analysis. Results show that there is a significant trade-off among rural and urban locales, metropolitan regions providing benefits for learning and access to a wide range of services, despite possible social and economic costs. The study highlights the challenges that rural students encounter when adjusting to urban life, such as troubles with preserving cultural identity, understanding social norms, managing stress, and handling expenditures. Overall, the study underlines how essential it is for educators and decision-makers to provide inclusive educational settings that accommodate the various requirements of students moving from rural to urban settings.
Women writers in Urdu religious literature actively participated in developing spiritual content which shaped both morality and Islamic academic theory concerning female perspectives. Throughout history, women of the subcontinent have used their literary skills to compose religious texts that highlighted their understanding of faith as well as moral standards and household religious rituals. The religious texts which focus on Quranic interpretation and Hadith study alongside Islamic spirituality deliver distinct understandings about how women function in spiritual life and social practices. Many famous Muslim women scholars have dedicated themselves to this literary field shaping both personal prayer devotion and broader religious discussions 1in public life. The written works present Islamic concepts related to modesty alongside simultaneously covering subjects such as women's education and rights along with empowerment under Islamic teachings. Religious texts authored by women in Urdu have gained wider distribution leading more people to participate in theological dialogues thus establishing a female-friendly scholarly environment. This research investigates the historical value and diverse topics alongside modern applications of religious Urdu literature created by women. Additional academic analysis of women's intellectual contributions to Islamic thought becomes necessary to understand their complete spiritual and intellectual value.
