This is anOpe Société Française pour l’Étude des Lipides (SFEL) celebrates its 80th anniversary this year 2023. Its current legal form dates from September 8, 2011 according to the statutes signed by Anne LE GUILLOU its then President and Alain RANCUREL its Treasurer. Its current purpose is to “bring together specialists in the production, processing and use of oils, fats and derivatives in order to promote the acquisition and extension of knowledge in these branches of industry, to establish and maintain friendly relations between the members of the association”. It also aims to award the Chevreul Medal created in 1963 in memory of the creator of fat chemistry who lived and worked for many years in this magnificent place where we are currently the Verniquet amphitheater ofMuséum national d’Histoire naturelle in Paris. It was also in 2011 that SFEL joined 66 rue La Boétie in Paris in the premises of the Fédération Nationale des Industries des Corps Gras (FNCG). From 2011 to date, the following people have been involved in the life of the association: – As Presidents: Philippe GUESNET since 2021, Frédéric FINE (2019–2020), Michel LINDER (2017–2018), Fabrice TURON (2015–2016), Pierre VILLENEUVE (2012–2014) and Anne LE GUILLOU (2009–2012); – As General Secretary: Claire BERTON-CARABIN currently and since 2019, Claire BOURLIEU-LACANAL (2016–2018), Elmira ARAB-TEHRANY (2017), Michel LINDER (2015–2016), Anne LEGUILLOU (2013–2014), and Jean-Claude ICART (2008–2012); – As Treasurer: Bernadette DELPLANQUE (2019–2023) linchpin of the current Chevreul days with Philippe GUESNET (2017–2018), and Alain RANCUREL (2003–2016) true memory of our association. All in all, a happy collaboration of researchers, academics, teachers, business executives, technical and interprofessional centers in the lipids and fats sector. The highlight of this period 2011–2023 was undoubtedly the 2017 Congress of Nancy “Lipids & Brain, Lipids in Alzheimer disease” organized by the team of Michel LINDER of the University of Lorraine on a theme of great scientific and practical interest, with a public conference given by Stephan CUNNANE Chevreul Medalist 2017 in the sumptuous and prestigious setting of the major salons of the City Hall of Nancy overlooking Place Stanislas. Also “Lipids & Brain” 2015, 2011, 2007 in Paris organized by the respective teams with the Chevreul Medals attributed to Michael CRAWFORD (2015), Nicolas BAZAN (2011) and Stanley RAPOPORT (2007). Before 2011 and since 1973, the name of SFEL was Association Française pour l’Étude des Corps Gras (AFECG). Its purpose was to bring together specialists in the study and manufacture of fats and derivatives, with a view to promoting knowledge of scientific or technical problems of general interest in these branches of industry, and to establish and maintain all friendly relations between members. It can therefore be seen that at the time the object was focused on the industrial sector since its origin, it was only in 2011 that the field of production was explicitly integrated into the object. The AFECG was hosted by the Fédération Nationale des Industries des Corps Gras (FNCG) at 118 avenue Achille Peretti in Neuilly. The successive Presidents of this period have been successively: – Jacques SOULIER (1991–1992) University of Perpignan; – François LOURY (1993–1994) Cargill Company; – François MORDRET (1995–1997) Institut des Corps Gras ITERG; – Georges VERMEERSCH (1997–1998) Sofiprotéol; – Michel PARMENTIER (1999–2000) University of Lorraine; – Jean-Luc PERRIN (2001–2002) Astra Calvé; – André POUZET (2003–2005) CETIOM which has since become Terres Inovia; – Alain HUERTAS (2005–2007) LESIEUR; – Bernadette DELPLANQUE (2008–2009) University of Saclay; – Anne LE GUILLOU (2009–2012) Danone; In this period 1990–2011 the loyalty of the other animators is to be emphasized: – Paule POTTIER, Astra Calvé General Secretary from 1989 to 1998; – Jean-Claude BARRUET, General Secretary from 1999 to 2007; – Jean-Claude ICART, OCL General Secretary from 2008 to 2012;
India has been one of the largest producers of oilseeds in the world. Correspondingly, the oilseed sector occupies an important position in the agricultural economy of the country. Oilseeds, especially edible oilseeds, have been an integral part of the cropping system in India till the beginning of monoculture triggered by the implementation of a new agriculture strategy since 1960s. This paper evaluates the cropping pattern of oilseed diversity in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan at district level. This paper also highlights the development programmes launched by state and central governments to promote oilseeds production in dry region of the state. Many statistical techniques are used, for instance, Herfindahl Index, Entropy Index, and Composite Entropy Index, to examine the diversification and specialization in oilseeds.
Vegetable oils extracted from seeds and oleaginous fruits are a substantial source of bioactive compounds. In this study, oils of some fruit by-products were investigated and their composition and properties were compared. Apricot (ASO), melon (MSO), and watermelon (WSO) seed oils were extracted by cold pressing. The physico-chemical parameters and the contents of pigments were assessed using standard methods. The values of the physico-chemical parameters revealed the purity of the oils and it was recorded that the WSO has the best contents of chlorophylls and carotenoids, which were 12.43 ± 0.71 mg/kg of oil, and 1.35 ± 0.02 mg equivalent of β-carotene/g oil, respectively. In addition, the oils were analyzed by gas chromatography and their major fatty acids were linoleic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic. The ASO revealed the highest antioxidant activity in the quenching of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with inhibition percentage of 89.2 ± 2.3 after 30 minutes of contact. Likewise, the oils were explored for the fortification of margarine. The physicochemical parameters of the formulated margarines comply with the standards. The Rancimat test showed that the highest induction time (16.54 h) was assigned to margarine enriched with 150 μg/g of WSO. Hence, this oil can has numerous applications in other food industries.
Neurons have a high energy need, requiring a continuous supply of glucose from the blood. Tight regulation of glucose metabolism in response to stimuli is essential for brain physiology. Glucose metabolism and cerebral blood flow are closely coordinated during neuronal activity to maintain proper brain function. Glucose uptake across the blood-brain barrier is facilitated by a carrier protein: the GLUT-1 transporter. The first way the body meets urgent demand for glucose is to increase the blood flow through vasodilatory responses generated by nitric oxide. If that is insufficient, the second way is to increase the density of GLUT-1 through the translocation of this transporter from intracellular stores. The third pathway is to increase GLUT-1 synthesis by stimulating SLC2A1 (GLUT-1 gene) transcription. A tandem of two key molecules, free estradiol and DHA, is involved in this critical regulation. Their relationship is synergistic and reciprocal: free estradiol with genomic and non-genomic actions via ERα, and DHA via the PPARα-RXRα and PPARɣ-RXRα heterodimers. We highlight several original mechanisms linking two main principles (neuronal stimulation and brain energy metabolism) with the fundamental roles played by DHA and free estradiol. In particular, it has been shown that from a certain level of chronic DHA deficiency, a permanent imbalance sets in with disturbances in glucose intake and brain metabolism. This DHA deficiency is an aggravating factor in some neuropathologies.
As there is a lack of regulations on pesticide levels in crude oils, this study aimed to evaluate transfer factors for extrapolating concentration limits established for maize kernels to the crude oils extracted from their germs. Maize kernels were spiked with 4 organophosphates insecticides (chlorpyriphos, chlorpyriphos-methyl, fenitrothion, pirimiphos-methyl), 2 pyrethroids (cypermethrin and deltamethrin) and a pyrethroid synergist, piperonyl butoxide (PB) targeting a dose of 1 mg/kg grain. The kernels were transformed in a pilot starch-mill to separate the germs (wet-milling) then these germs underwent an oil extraction process in a mini-pilot comprising a thermal conditioning stage, a mechanical extraction followed by a solvent extraction and a desolventization-toasting stage for the meal. Analyses were carried out by gas chromatography coupled to MS/MS detector. The pesticides content was measured on kernels, spiked kernels, germ, crude oil and meal. Surprisingly, a significant difference in behavior was observed between organophosphates and pyrethroids in the transition from grain to germ. For the former, the applied pesticides were recovered at levels between 48% and 81% in the germ, compared to only 9–11% for the latter and 31% for PB. It has been shown by means of acetonitrile washing on spiked seeds that the pyrethroids remained bound to the hydrophobic cuticle of the grains. On the other hand, from the germ to the oil, the initial hypothesis of an almost total transfer of the pesticides in the fat fraction of the material was confirmed. The germ to meal concentration ratios were on average 0.019, 0.065 and 0.109 for organophosphates, PB and pyrethroids respectively. In the same order, the concentration ratios between germ and crude oil were 1.87, 1.98 and 2.17. Grain to final oil transfer factors ranged from 7.4 to 12.7 for organophosphates, 4.8 for PB and 1.4 and 1.7 for cypermethrin and deltamethrin respectively.
