The development of new reaction chemistry is highly desirable to construct new structural and functional covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Benefiting from the extremely large database of metal-catalyzed reaction database, we herein develop a new synthetic strategy that can generate quinoline-linked COFs via a silver-catalyzed three-component one-pot reaction and achieve functionalization by the simple replacement of alcohols. This metal-catalyzed approach to the construction of robust COF structures characterized by extended π-conjugation holds the potential to pave a novel pathway in the synthesis of COF materials endowed with both heightened stability and functionality.
Two-dimensional conductive metal–organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs) have attracted research attention, benefitting from their unique properties such as superior electronic conductivity, designable topologies, and well-defined catalytic/redox-active sites. These advantages enable 2D c-MOFs as promising candidates in electrochemical energy applications, including supercapacitors, batteries and electrocatalysts. This mini-review mainly highlights recent advancements of 2D c-MOFs in the utilization for electrochemical energy storage, as well as the forward-looking perspective on the future prospects of 2D c-MOFs in the field of electrochemical energy.Table of content:1 Introduction2 Design Principles of 2D c-MOFs3 Synthesis of 2D c-MOFs4 2D c-MOFs for Electrochemical Energy Storage4.1 Supercapacitors4.2 Metallic Batteries4.2.1 Lithium-Ion Batteries4.2.2 Sodium-Ion Batteries4.2.3 Zinc-Ion Batteries4.2.4 Sodium–Iodine Batteries4.2.5 Lithium–Sulfur Batteries4.2.6 Potassium-Ion Batteries5 2D c-MOFs for Electrochemical Energy Conversion6 Conclusions and Outlook
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization is a prevalent technique for fabricating conformal, defect-free, and systematically adjustable organic thin films. CVD is particularly beneficial for barrier coatings due to its ability to eliminate solvent-related environmental, health, and safety risk factors and provide a wide spectrum of post-polymerization modification strategies. This review discusses poly-p-xylylene and its functional derivatives. CVD polymerization of [2.2]paracyclophane precursors has undergone a recent renaissance due to advancements in chemical and morphological surface manipulation. This review summarizes emerging trends based on the following outline: Table of content: 1 Introduction 2 CVD Polymerization as a Sustainable Coating Technology 3 CVD Instrumentation 4 Poly-p-xylylene Coatings: Background of Polymerization Process and Functionalized Films 5 Main Applications of Poly-p-xylylenes 6 Area-Selective CVD Polymerization 7 Fabrication and Applications of Topological Structures 8 Conclusions and Outlook
Lamination of thin film encapsulation (TFE) layer is regarded as one of the most promising methods that enables the reliable operation of organic electronic devices by attaching the TFE layers thereon directly using an adhesive layer. In this study, a low-temperature curable adhesive thin film with low glass transition temperature (Tg) is newly designed and synthesized. Low Tg allows conformal contact at the interface of the adhesive layer and the substrate subsequently leads to the enhancement of adhesion, and thus the barrier performance of the lamination of barrier film. In order to fabricate a low-Tg adhesive layer, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was copolymerized with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) monomer in vapor phase via initiated chemical vapor deposition. With a 5 μm-thick p(GMA-co-HEA) adhesive layer, a strong adhesion was readily achieved by curing it at 60 ℃ for 1 hr, with the peel strength of 16.6 N/25 mm, and the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of glass laminated encapsulation was as low as 3.4×10-3 g/m2∙day at an accelerating condition (38 ℃, 90% relative humidity). We believe the low-temperature curable thin adhesive layer will serve as a powerful material for the lamination of organic electronic devices in damage-free way.
Size-controlled polymer nanodomes (PNDs) benefit a broad cross-section of existing and emerging technologies. Condensed droplet polymerization (CDP) is a vacuum-based synthesis technology that produces PNDs from monomer precursors in a single step. However, the effect of synthesis and processing conditions on the PND size distribution remains elusive. Towards size distribution control, we report the effect of substrate temperature, on which monomer droplets condense, on the size distribution of PNDs. We take a reductionist approach and operate the CDP under batch mode to match the conditions commonly used in condensation research. Notably, despite the rich knowledge base in dropwise condensation, the behavior of nonpolar liquids like a common monomer, i.e., 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), is not well understood. We bridge that gap by demonstrating that dropwise condensation of HEMA follows a two-stage growth process. Early-stage growth is dominated by drop nucleation and growth, giving rise to relatively uniform sizes with a lognormal distribution, whereas late-stage growth is dominated by the combined effect of drop coalescence and renucleation, leading to a bimodal size distribution. This new framework for understanding the PND size distribution enables an unprecedented population of PNDs. Their controlled size distribution has the potential to enable programmable properties for emergent materials.
