Dietary disparities among racial and ethnic minority populations contribute significantly to chronic disease burdens across the lifespan. This review synthesizes evidence on dietary behaviors among middle-aged and older adults, adolescents, and low-income children, highlighting how socioeconomic and structural barriers limit access to healthy foods. Non-Hispanic Black and Latino adults often fall short of fruit and vegetable intake recommendations, while adolescents from low socioeconomic backgrounds demonstrate lower nutritional knowledge and self-efficacy. Children enrolled in supplemental nutrition programs show racial/ethnic disparities in nutrient intake, with Non-Hispanic Black children particularly affected. Supplement use, a potential strategy to reduce nutrient deficiencies, is significantly lower among minority groups, especially women of color. Cultural, educational, and economic factors shape these patterns. Culturally informed nutrition education and policy interventions are needed to address the root causes of these disparities and promote dietary equity.
Computer aided polyp detection (CADe) is one of the most heavily studied applications of artificial intelligence in clinical medicine and may serve as a valuable adjunct for gastrointestinal endoscopists. Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that CADe improves adenoma detection rates, particularly of smaller polyps and sessile serrated lesions. In this review, we provide an overview of the potential benefits and harms associated with CADe, as well as the limitations observed in real-world implementation. While modeling studies have demonstrated that CADe may be a cost-effective strategy to improve colonoscopy quality, it remains to be seen whether it will have a meaningful impact on colon cancer incidence rates, highlighting an important direction for future research.
Effective management of Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBIs) often requires an interdisciplinary approach that extends beyond the gastrointestinal (GI) provider. DGBIs are characterized by dysregulation of the gut-brain axis, and growing evidence supports behavioral and dietary therapies that target these bidirectional pathways. Behavioral health providers and registered dietitians (RD) with specialized gastroenterology training - hereafter referred to as GI-psychologists and GI-RDs - deliver evidence-based interventions that have potential to improve patient symptoms and quality of life (QoL), with GI-psychologists using Brain-Gut Behavioral Therapies (BGBT), such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, to address psychosocial contributors, and GI-RDs applying diet strategies, including the low FODMAP diet, to optimize gastrointestinal function. Collaboration between these providers enables comprehensive evaluation of symptoms and DGBI subtype, supporting appropriate referrals. This review is to summarize current evidence for therapy approaches and delineates the distinct and complementary contributions of GI-psychologists and GI-RDs in DGBI, with the aim of guiding interdisciplinary referral practices.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is defined by excessive hepatic fat accumulation in individuals without significant alcohol intake. Previously termed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), this condition included nonalcoholic fatty liver and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The Mediterranean diet, characterized by limiting saturated fats, red meat, and refined sugars with increased consumption of fiber, polyunsaturated, and monounsaturated fats, has shown efficacy in improving hepatic steatosis and metabolic parameters in NAFLD. However, as diagnostic criteria have evolved, further research is needed to assess the diet's impact specifically on MASLD outcomes. This review will discuss the prevalence and diagnosis of MASLD, its associated metabolic and lifestyle risk factors, and evaluate existing evidence on the Mediterranean diet as a therapeutic approach, underscoring its close association with the earlier NAFLD classification.
