The article presents a concise review of previous research examining the topic of obesity and psychopathology and how this holds important implications for practitioners, academics and policy makers.
The increasing prevalence of obesity across the world is well documented as is the rise in psychopathological conditions. The association between obesity and psychopathology holds important implications for practitioners, academics, and policy-makers. Of interest is the influence of weight stigma on the development of psychopathological conditions. Thus, this article explores the link between psychopathology and obesity, in particular, the role of weight stigma in the development of psychopathology. This review also highlights the implications for assessment, treatment, and research.
Heterosexual sex involving female sex workers (FSWs) is widely documented for its role in facilitating the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)/HIV. Critical to such studies, and increasingly considered essential to HIV prevention efforts, is the gender constructs and power dynamics within relationships. However, little efforts have been made, which focus on male clients of FSWs, particularly on the relationship between gender ideologies and men's sexual contact with FSWs, within the Nepali context. The present study aims to fill this critical gap by assessing the prevalence of use of FSWs and its association with STIs/HIV-related risk behaviors and gender ideologies among Nepali men. We used data from the nationally representative Nepal Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2011. For the purpose of analyses, we included a sample of 4,121 men, aged 15-49 years. During data analyses, we used multivariate logistic regression models, adjusted for the following variables: age, region, residence, religion, educational level, wealth index, employment status, and cigarette smoking status. Of the total sample, approximately 5% reported the use of FSWs in their lifetime. In regression models, men who had sex with FSWs were more likely to report a history of STIs [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.03; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.69-5.43; P < 0.001], not using condom all the time (aOR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.05-2.12; P = 0.010), more than one sexual partner (aOR: 3.75; 95% CI: 2.18-5.23; P < 0.001), and have had early sexual debut (aOR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.85-3.67; P < 0.001). Respondents reporting the endorsement of violence against wives (aOR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.01-2.84; P = 0.04) and male sexual entitlement (aOR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.21-2.32; P = 0.001) were significantly more likely to report sexual contact with FSWs. Our findings highlight the need to develop and implement specifically tailored interventions toward male clients of FSWs, with a particular emphasis on promoting equitable gender roles and beliefs.
Pesticide use in Nepal has increased by 10%–20% annually, and the proportion of vegetable growers using pesticides in Nepal has also increased from 7.1% (1991/1992) to 16.1% (2001/2002), thereby increasing the chances of pesticide poisoning among farmers. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four Village Development Committees of Chitwan to determine the adverse health effects of pesticide among 125 commercial vegetable farmers. It was observed that 71% of them were found to be affected after spraying. Farmers experienced 3 poisoning symptoms out of 12. The most common symptoms experienced were skin irritation (62%) and headache (55%). In spite of poisoning, 82% stayed idle, whereas 18% either took self-medication or sought medical attention. Although a majority of the farmers suffered from pesticide poisoning, most of them did not seek medical assistance. Hence, there is an immediate need for promoting education for the farmers about the identification and treatment of poisoning along with its possible prevention.
Background: Adolescent pregnancy and birth rates in the United States have declined dramatically from their peaks in 1991, but remain much higher than those seen in most other developed countries. Methods: Recent results from relevant clinical trials, periodic surveys of reproductive age women, and focus group work as well as professional group recommendations in the United States are presented to provide insights into the problem of unintended teen pregnancy and suggest potential solutions. Results: Dramatic changes in contraceptive technologies and practices have been implemented in the past several years to reduce the barriers young women have in accessing the most effective methods of contraception. However, new reports about how young women view their risks suggest that new strategies will be needed to motivate more sexually active young women to prevent pregnancy. Conclusions: The safety and efficacy of modern methods of contraceptives are the highest they have ever been, but if unintended pregnancy rates among teens in the United States are to be more significantly reduced, young women’s attitudes about contraception and pregnancy prevention need to be better understood and remaining barriers to its access need to be reduced.
