Vietnam's rapid infrastructure development is often hindered by site-clearance bottlenecks, delaying project progress and reducing efficiency. This study aims to identify, prioritize, and examine the interrelationships among site-clearance delay factors in public-infrastructure projects. Using a mixed-methods approach, including literature review, interviews, and a survey with principal component analysis, the results highlight key impediments: limited expertise and staff capacity, weak incentive policies for resettlement, project-scale changes, and difficulties with land records. Finance-related issues, such as inflated compensation and delayed payments, are mid-level challenges, while terrain, ancestral graves, and high resettlement costs are less critical but still impactful. Seven latent dimensions were revealed, spanning technical inefficiencies, regulatory complexities, socio-economic challenges, and financial limitations. This diagnostic framework provides policymakers and project owners with clear priorities to reduce site-clearance delays, offering strategic insights for infrastructure management in Vietnam and other developing-country contexts.
Port electrification has emerged as a popular strategy for achieving port, regional, and global decarbonization goals. This narrative review applies the conceptual lens of strategic innovation to interpret contemporary literature on port electrification and understand its structure and drivers as an innovation process. It first summarizes the environmental sustainability challenges in the shipping sector that are driving interest in electrification strategies. It then explores port electrification literature to identify how its technological, policy, and management innovation dimensions are reshaping port business models. Finally, it presents early implementation cases in the United States, including the Ports of Los Angeles, Long Beach, Houston, Seattle, and Cleveland. Findings show that port electrification innovations improve efficiency in port value chains, enhance the green port value proposition, and better position ports to attract sustainability-conscious users. The strategic innovation frame challenges ports and stakeholders to envision new possibilities for sustainable management and the hurdles to achieving them.
Kenya faces significant challenges in providing safe drinking water, especially in low-income and peri-urban areas. This article assesses institutional and organizational frameworks constraints to the performance of communally-owned small-scale water service producers (SSSPs), which significantly contribute to safe drinking water access in underserved and unserved areas. The study employs a PESTEL analysis based on in-depth interviews to identify external factors affecting SSSPs. The findings reveal several key factors: political goodwill and interference, funding issues, operating costs, ownership, knowledge, technology and data management, freshwater availability, increasing water demand, and pollution, as well as legal and regulatory frameworks for SSSPs. These findings provide key institutional and organizational insights for advancing sustainable water management.
Current electric vehicle charging infrastructure is significantly inadequate, with the U.S., Europe, and the U.K. requiring over 550%, 5.5-fold, and 350% growth respectively to meet 2030 deployment targets. This shortage of infrastructure limits sustainable mobility and impedes progress toward clean energy goals. Given the substantial investment and complex coordination required, Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) represent a viable mechanism for accelerating infrastructure deployment and are instrumental in achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 17. This study investigates the key barriers facing PPP-driven EV charging initiatives and proposes strategies to enhance their effectiveness.The objectives of this study were achieved by first conducting a literature review to identify key challenges in PPP-based EV infrastructure. Subsequently, expert input was gathered via structured questionnaires. Finally, Fuzzy DEMATEL, using triangular fuzzy numbers, was applied to visualize cause-effect relationships among the identified factors. The analysis reveals that financial viability and high capital expenditure (C1: 8.107), lack of a regulatory framework (C5: 8.081), grid capacity and reliability (C7: 6.921), and land acquisition hurdles (C8: 6.579) are the most influential barriers to successful PPP implementation. These factors significantly affect investment decisions, policy clarity, and execution efficiency. Other critical challenges include ambiguity in viable business models (C10: 7.216) and complex approval procedures (C4: 5.525). The study recommends targeted policy interventions such as capital subsidies, concessional loans, regulatory streamlining, and decentralized solutions tailored to underserved regions. By uniquely applying Fuzzy DEMATEL to this context, the study offers a structured framework for optimizing PPP models, strengthening public-private collaboration, and accelerating scalable EVCS infrastructure development in India.
As Uncrewed Aircraft Systems (UAS) become increasingly integrated into public-sector operations, there is a growing need for standardized procedures that ensure safety, compliance, and operational effectiveness. This study investigates the essential components of UAS Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) from the perspective of public agency practitioners in South Carolina. Employing a two-phase sequential mixed-methods design, the research first surveyed 38 agency representatives using a 48-item instrument derived from the AUVSI Organization Implementation Guide (OIG) and supplemented with commonly observed SOP elements. The instrument demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.975). Quantitative responses were analyzed using a multidimensional consensus framework combining parametric analysis (mean and standard deviation) and non-parametric (interquartile range and median) to identify high- and moderate-consensus SOP components. Findings revealed strong convergence on 31 components characterized by high agreement and low variability. A subsequent qualitative analysis of SOPs, coded with high intercoder reliability (Krippendorff's c-Alpha = 0.93; cU alpha = 0.94), explored how these components were operationalized in practice. The results support a tiered SOP framework: foundational components with widespread consensus and supplemental components adapted to specific operational contexts. This practitioner-informed study contributes to UAS policy development by offering actionable guidance for agencies seeking to design or refine SOPs that reflect both regulatory benchmarks and field-tested realities. This tiered framework offers public agencies a practical roadmap for developing or revising UAS SOPs by distinguishing core components that should be broadly adopted from supplemental elements that can be tailored to specific missions, risks, and organizational contexts.
