The iron ore deposits of Gara Djebilet, located in the Tindouf region of Algeria, hold significant socio-economic importance among the indigenous iron ore deposits discovered in the country. To meet local steel production requirements, these ores require an effective enrichment process, necessitating detailed mineralogical, chemical, and morphological characterization. Techniques such as optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TG) were employed for this purpose.Mineralogical studies revealed that Gara Djebilet iron ore is primarily composed of hematite and goethite. XRF analysis indicated a composition of 61.95% Fe, 4.27% SiO₂, 2.22% CaO, 4.72% Al₂O₃, and 1.53% P₂O₅. The data from various analyses suggest that phosphorus is finely disseminated within the hematite phase, indicating that Gara Djebilet iron ore may not be amenable to upgrading using conventional techniques.
Early adoption of ecological values, such as caring for nature, respecting plants and animals, and rational use of resources, creates a solid foundation that is more difficult to change later in life. The most favorable period for easily and quickly instilling positive attitudes toward the environment and conservation is the kindergarten and preschool years. Recognizing one's role in protecting nature and developing children's ecological literacy and awareness is possible not only through formal education but also through informal approaches, such as camps, eco-workshops, time spent in nature, and various outdoor interactive activities. One of the significant examples of good practice in environmental education, particularly regarding the importance and preservation of forests, is the Economic Society for Forest Management "Srbijašume" LLC Belgrade, which, in addition to its core activities, works to raise environmental awareness among citizens. It manages state forests and forest land covering an area of 892,029 ha, provides expert advisory services in privately owned forests covering an area of 1,221,265 ha, manages hunting grounds, and oversees fishing, and protected areas. The aim of this paper is to analyze the contribution of informal environmental education conducted by "Srbijašume" LLC Belgrade to the development of cognitive, affective, and behavioral components of environmental awareness in preschooland school-aged children, as well as to underscore the importance of education about ecology, the protection and preservation of forests, and nature in general.
This study examines the crucial significance of building ponds in urban contexts. These ponds are multifunctional infrastructure features that help manage stormwater, improve water quality, and promote biodiversity in urban environments. Construction ponds, by absorbing and storing excess rainwater, help to alleviate the negative effects of urbanization on natural systems, such as flooding and pollution. Furthermore, building ponds is a vital component of blue-green infrastructure, helping to mitigate climate change and reduce flood hazards in cities. These ponds assist in controlling the urban hydrological cycle by retaining and slowly releasing stormwater, reducing peak flows and the risk of flash floods. In addition, building ponds provide essential ecosystem services such as wildlife habitat provision and urban green space enhancement. Integrating building ponds into urban planning and architecture represents a long-term solution to climate change and urbanization issues. Cities that incorporate these ponds into green infrastructure projects can increase their resilience to extreme weather events, improve water management techniques, and promote environmental sustainability. Overall, building ponds provide a nature-based solution that benefits urban people while also helping to conserve biodiversity and improve urban ecosystems.
Climate change represents one of the most complex challenges of the 21st century, with direct and indirect consequences for the global economy, making the mining sector particularly vulnerable. Mining, as a foundational industry, simultaneously contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and faces significant operational risks due to extreme weather events. This paper integrates an analysis of global trends and specific challenges faced by the mining sector in the Republic of Serbia. Through a review of literature and recent reports (2014-2024), the paper examines the impact of droughts, floods, and heatwaves on mining operations, tailings stability, and ecological footprint. Special focus is placed on the need for proactive adaptation and decarbonization strategies to ensure the long-term sustainability of the sector.
The transport sector significantly contributes to global CO₂ emissions, necessitating a transition towards sustainable, low-carbon alternatives. Green hydrogen, produced via water electrolysis using renewable energy, has emerged as a particularly promising solution for heavy-duty, public, and intercity transport where battery electrification faces limitations. This review systematically analyzes the technological, environmental, and economic aspects of hydrogen applications in transport, with a specific focus on the Republic of Serbia. The methodology follows PRISMA guidelines for systematic literature review of scientific publications, industry reports, and strategic documents from 2010 to 2026. Results indicate that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles offer high efficiency, long range, and fast refueling times, yet their widespread adoption is hindered by high costs, infrastructure deficits, and the need for sustainably produced hydrogen. Globally, Europe and Asia lead in infrastructure development, while Serbia is in early stages, with pilot projects such as HyDSerbia and the H2V Rasina Hydrogen Valley underway. The paper concludes that Serbia possesses the research base and strategic interest to develop a hydrogen economy, but faces significant challenges in infrastructure, financing, and regulatory alignment. Key future directions include establishing refueling stations, implementing fleet trials in public transport, and integrating into European hydrogen networks.
