Objective: The aim of the current research was to investigate the methods of managing notorious substance-dependent individuals globally to design intervention programs in Iran. Method: The research design involved an analytical systematic study. In this regard, to find documents related to the management practices of notorious substance-dependent individuals worldwide, an integrated search and analysis of articles published until 2023 was conducted in PubMed, Springer, Scopus, Pro Quest, Elsevier, Science Direct, National Institutes of Health, and Google Scholar databases. Results: The findings indicated that the texts focused more on pain management, self-management, motivational interviewing, primary care, barriers to health services, education, patient-centered care, quality of life, and mental health. Conclusion: According to evidence-based findings, a range of interventions are recommended for Iran's notorious substance-dependent individuals, including comprehensive behavioral and pharmaceutical interventions, accommodation-based interventions, harm reduction strategies, peer mentoring programs, alternative therapies, employment and vocational training programs, faith-based interventions, and interventions based on criminal justice.
Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on resilience among employed and unemployed substance –depeendent individuals in recovery. Method: The research method was a quasi-experimental design with a posttest design with a control group. The study population consisted of all employed and unemployed men who had sought for addiction treatment at two rehabilitation centers in Tehran province in 2022. Of these, 90 individuals were selected using the convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups (n=60) and one control group (n=30). The experimental groups received 8 sessions of 90-minute group therapy (one session per week), and participants completed the resilience questionnaire. Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the level of resilience between employed and unemployed substance-dependent individuals in recovery. Additionally, the level of resilience in employed and unemployed individuals recovering from substance dependence in the treatment groups differed significantly from the control group, with higher resilience observed in the treatment groups. Overall, the results indicated that the effects of both ACT and CBT interventions in increasing resilience were greater for employed individuals recovering from substance dependence compared to unemployed individuals. Furthermore, both interventions were effective in increasing resilience among individuals recovering from substance dependence, but there was no significant difference between the effects of the two methods. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that employment (social support) is an effective intervention for treating individuals with substance dependence and preventing relapse. Therefore, employment is the missing link in addiction treatment, and the use of cognitive therapies in conjunction with employment for individuals with substance dependency is an effective method for treating addiction and reducing relapse.
Objective: The objective of this study was to design a model for the social reintegration of males with drug-related offenses in Kerman Prison. Method: This study was qualitative based on a grounded theory approach. The study population consisted of all university professors, judges, judicial experts, police, prison administrators, and Addiction treatment centers affiliated with medical sciences and the welfare organization of Kerman city. Twenty-one participants were selected through purposeful sampling and data saturation technique. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews, and analysis was conducted using thematic analysis. Results: The results revealed 77 initial codes categorized into 11 main categories: building public trust, economic support, creating protective shields, creating sustainable employment, social and psychological support, creating motivation, improving social relationships, environmental improvement, monitoring and follow-up of inmates, achieving relative independence, and creating a sense of life satisfaction. Conclusion: Successful social reintegration can be considered a significant economic, social, and cultural issue to deter young people from substance use and reduce criminal motivations in society.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to delineate a lean operational model for addiction treatment centers in Iran. Method: This was a qualitative study based on the grounded theory approach. The study population included individuals seeking treatment at addiction treatment centers, managers and heads of these centers, counselors, and addiction specialists. Using purposive sampling of a theoretical nature and the data saturation technique, 37 participants were selected. The Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews, and analysis was conducted using thematic analysis. Results: The findings of the study indicated that the lean model of addiction treatment centers has three essential institutional, administrative, and technical functions. Institutional functions included economic, social, and cultural support. Administrative functions included human resource management, effective financial management, a trusting organizational atmosphere, and close monitoring of organizational mechanisms. Finally, technical functions included detoxification with respect, vocational skill training, and professional counseling for people with addiction and their family. Conclusion: The lean model derived from the research data indicates that the research participants fundamentally perceive addiction treatment centers as inefficient, with deep-rooted social causes. This is because they consistently seek institutional support when constructing a lean model.
Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the components of shame and internal stigma in individuals with substance dependence undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. Method: A quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group was employed. The study population consisted of all individuals with substance dependence receiving methadone treatment at addiction treatment centers in Shahrood in 2024. From this population, 32 individuals were selected using the convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (n=16) and control (n=16). Participants in both groups completed the external shame and internal stigma questionnaires in the pre-test and post-test. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was implemented in eight 90-minute sessions, once a week, to the experimental group. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results indicated a significant difference between the two groups, and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy led to a reduction in the components of shame and improvement in internal stigma in individuals with substance dependence undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, addiction specialists can emphasize the improvement of shame and internal stigma components by using mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.
