This narrative review highlights recent advances in the understanding of enterovirus infections and the main enterovirus types associated with clinical syndromes, synthesizing current knowledge of type-specific manifestations. We searched PubMed®, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Virtual Health Library (VHL) for articles published between 2010 and 2025. The search used descriptors and/or keywords in Portuguese and English: “enterovirus infection disease”, “enterovirus infection genotypes”, “enterovirus infection pathogenic”, and “enterovirus clinical syndromes”, focusing on recent studies addressing enterovirus infections and the types most commonly associated with clinical syndromes. A total of 78 articles were selected for analysis. The review examined the distribution of enteroviruses by species, recommended clinical specimen types for diagnosis according to clinical presentation, and the major enterovirus types and their associated clinical syndromes. Numerous studies have demonstrated the epidemic potential and genetic diversity of enteroviruses, revealing patterns of endemic circulation. However, the mechanisms underlying the ability of a wide variety of enterovirus types to infect the same tissue remain poorly understood.
The present paper aimed to analyze seven samples of Hypericum perforatum L., popularly known as St. John's wort, marketed as natural antidepressants, collected from formal and informal markets in different municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Morphological and histological analyses were performed on the samples using standard methods for botanical identification, with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope, and binocular and trinocular light microscopes, in addition to specialized literature containing identification keys for the identification of genera and species of the Asteraceae family. Six of the analyzed samples corresponded to an herbaceous species with capitula, petiolate leaves, and both non-glandular and glandular trichomes, which allowed their identification as Ageratum conyzoides. Another sample exhibited characteristics such as glabrous branches, petiolate leaves, a yellowish capitulum, and heteromorphic achene-type fruits, allowing its identification as Synedrella nodiflora. Therefore, it was concluded that none of the samples marketed as St. John's Wort corresponded to Hypericum perforatum L. Consequently, the medicinal claims associated with these plants are invalid, and their use may represent a potential health risk to consumers.
Flavivírus são arboviroses de diagnóstico desafiador devido à similaridade clínica e à instabilidade do RNA viral, podendo associar-se às células mononucleares do sangue periférico (PBMCs). Este estudo avaliou a detectabilidade do RNA de flavivírus em PBMCs de amostras armazenadas em condições subótimas. Foram analisadas 170 amostras de sangue em EDTA, todas negativas na imunocromatografia para dengue, mantidas a 4 °C por até três meses. Após extração, o RNA viral foi analisado por qPCR panflavivírus, com detecção em 6% das amostras, evidenciando que o RNA pode permanecer detectável mesmo em condições adversas, com potencial impacto diagnóstico e epidemiológico.
Este estudo foi realizado no âmbito do projeto Valoriza Pesca e avaliou as condições estruturais e higiênico-sanitárias da cadeia produtiva da pesca artesanal em 15 localidades da região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista/SP. A pesquisa envolveu observações em campo, levantamento de infraestrutura de apoio à pesca artesanal na região e a coleta de 51 amostras de pescado para avaliação físico-química e microbiológica. Os resultados revelaram carência de infraestrutura para o embarque, desembarque, beneficiamento e comercialização do pescado, com destaque para a ausente e/ou ineficiente cadeia do frio. A maioria das amostras apresentou-se em conformidade com os parâmetros microbiológicos vigentes (86,27%), porém foram observadas não conformidades quanto à presença de Escherichia coli (13,72%) e níveis elevados de histamina (24%). Tais achados indicam falhas nas etapas de manipulação, conservação e/ou armazenamento, que comprometem a qualidade e a segurança dos produtos. Constatou-se a carência de políticas públicas adaptadas à realidade da pesca de pequena escala, o que dificulta a adesão às normas sanitárias. Conclui-se que melhorias na infraestrutura local, capacitação continuada dos(as) pescadores(as) e a implementação de certificações sociais são essenciais para garantir a qualidade do pescado artesanal, contribuindo para a segurança alimentar e nutricional, valorização da pesca de pequena escala e a saúde pública.
This study aimed to assess the prevalence, predictive factors, and post-COVID-19 symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection among Mobile Emergency Medical Service (SAMU) professionals in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. A cross-sectional design was used, based on primary quantitative data. SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined based on self-reported information indicating at least one positive real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) or rapid antigen/protein test result. Among 197 participants (mean age 42.4 years), 57.0% were male and 72.0% had higher education. Most were overweight/obese (74.0%), and 22.0% reported previous comorbidities. Nursing technicians represented 31.0% of the sample. Although 87.0% received training on personal protective equipment (PPE) use, 40.0% admitted to not using it at some point. A high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was found (55.3%; 95.0% CI: 48.30-68.20). Multivariate analysis showed that infection was associated with prior contact with infected individuals, fewer than two training sessions, and lack of training on proper PPE use. Additionally, 51.2% reported persistent symptoms lasting up to five months after infection. These findings indicate that SAMU professionals face a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Proper PPE training is essential to reduce infection risk in healthcare workers.
