Ectoparasites affect the external surfaces of fish, specifically the skin, fins, eyes, and gills. This study analyzes biological samples of pelagic and demersal fish collected between 2016 and 2019 from the Romanian Black Sea coast. Six fish species were examined for ectoparasites: Sprattus spratus (sprat), Engraulis encrasicolus (anchovy), Trachurus mediterraneus (horsemackerel), Platichthysflesus (flounder), Pegusalascaris(sand sole), and Scophthalmus maeoticus (turbot). Four ectoparasite species were identified: Trichodina domerguei and Cryptocaryon irritans (protozoa), Mazocraes alosae (flatworm), and Cystoopsis acipenseris (nematode). T. domerguei was the most common ectoparasite and had the highest level of infestation, particularly in turbot, which averaged 28 parasitesper host, with 27-65% affected. M. alosae wasfound in sprat, while C. acipenseris and C. irritans affected horse mackerel and sand sole at low levels. Infestations caused by ectoparasites in fish do not have as great an impact as infections with otherpathogens (such as viruses and bacteria). Still, it is one of the secondary causes of viral and bacterial diseases.
This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of microcapsules of noni fruit extract (Morinda citrifolia L.) on antioxidant levels in Sentul chickens in layer phase. A total of 40 female Sentul chickens aged 24 weeks were divided into five feed treatments with various levels of noni extract microcapsules: Control (P0), 50 mg/kg Zinc bacitracin (P1), 75 mg/kg (microcapsules of noni fruit extract) MEBM (P2), 150 mg/kg MEBM (P3), and 225 mg/kg MEBM (P4). The results showed that MEBM treatment significantly increased the levels of GR (Glutathione Reductase) and SD (Superoxide Dismutase). This study concluded that the use of microcapsules of noni fruit extract in Sentul chicken feed can increase antioxidant levels in the blood and improve livestock health. The obtained data indicate that the combined supplementation of MEBM and Zinc Bacitracin positively modulates blood cell indices, reflecting improved physiological and immune status in laying hens.
Red yeast rice is currently used in Asia as a dye for meat, fish, and other food products, as well as a food supplement due to its statin content. Reports worldwide have documented adverse effects, particularly in individuals with pre-existing health conditions. In this context, we conducted in vitro tests to assess the cytotoxicity of three red dyes derived from different types of red yeast rice. In our study, a normal human standardized cell line was exposed to these red dyes for 24 and 48 hours. The results obtained during these studies revealed that the red polyketides derived from Monascus ruber and Monascus purpureus display cytotoxicity for the studied cell line after 24 hours of exposure, cytotoxicity that persists after 48 hours of exposure only for Monascus purpureus. Red polyketides obtained from high-productivity Monascus sp do not exhibit cytotoxicity in vitro for the studied cell line
The aim of the study is to analyze the dynamic of the main quality indicators of milk production over the period 2023-2024 for a herd of dairy cows belonging to the breed Romanian Black Spotted exploited in condition of a farm from NE Romania. The data were obtained from the Official Production Control and were statistically processed using the computer programs SAVC and SPSS 16.00. The mean annual values of the SCC are 202.56 x 103/ml in 2023 respectively 188.09 x103 /ml in 2024. The milk components show variability with season and different THI thresholds so that, milk fat content is lower in 2023' summer being 3.89% and 3.65% in autumn 2024. The analysis was carried out done from influence of heat stress perspective because it is impacting the milk quality.
The procedure refers to veterinary medicine, particularly parasitology, and can be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of ectoparasites in pheasants from various natural and anthropized biotopes. This procedure involves treating pheasants by spraying them with the Ectogalimol 5% preparation-a 5% aqueous solution of natural extract obtained by hydroalcoholic extraction from the aerial parts of Dalmatian chamomile (Pyrethrum cinerariifolium Trev.), followed by drying, at a dose of 50 ml per pheasant. For diagnostic and prophylactic purposes, the treatment is carried out in one session, while for therapeutic purposes, it is performed in two sessions with a 14-day interval. It has been found that the Ectogalimol 5% preparation possesses high therapeutic efficacy against various species of ectoparasites in pheasants from the following families: Family Philopteridae (Cuclotogaster cinereus, Cuclotogaster heterographus, Goniocotes chrysocephalus, Goniocotes microthorax, Goniodes colchici, Goniodes dissimilis, Lipeurus caponis); Family Menoponidae (Amyrsidea perdicis, Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae); Family Ceratophyllidae (Ceratophylus gallinae, Ceratophylus hirundinis); and Family Dermanyssidae (Dermanyssusgallinae, Dermanyssus hirundinis). The clinical condition of the pheasants improved after treatment, the birds became calmer, and their appetite and behavior increased.
