Abstract Minimally invasive treatment of thyroid cancer is an emerging treatment option for well-selected patients; this is driven by the rising incidence of low-risk disease and increasing emphasis on reducing treatment-related morbidity. Treatment strategies include primary thyroid cancer with either curative or palliative intent or locoregional control of recurrent disease, most commonly metastatic cervical lymph nodes following thyroidectomy. This article will discuss thyroid cancer subtypes, updated guideline-based recommendations, patient selection and preprocedural evaluation, minimally invasive treatment options with emphasis on radiofrequency ablation, procedural technique, complications, and posttreatment surveillance strategies.
Knee osteoarthritis is increasingly recognized as a disorder driven not only by mechanical cartilage wear but also by a chronic, low-grade inflammatory state. Synovial neovascularization and accompanying neoinnervation appear to play a central role in amplifying and maintaining nociceptive signaling. Newly formed, immature vessels facilitate leukocyte trafficking and the delivery of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and neuropeptides, while parallel ingrowth of pain-sensitive nerve fibers increases pain sensitivity and central sensitization. Genicular artery embolization (GAE) has emerged as a targeted, endovascular treatment for knee pain. GAE is hypothesized to reduce blood flow to inflamed synovium to diminish the influx of inflammatory mediators, attenuate angiogenesis and neoinnervation, and thereby interrupt the feed-forward cycle that sustains chronic nociceptive input.
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) represents a relatively rare cause of stroke, yet it carries an overall rate of death or dependency of up to 15%. The mainstay of its management is therapeutic anticoagulation, either subcutaneously or intravenously in the acute phase, followed by oral anticoagulation therapy to recanalize the occluded sinus or vein and prevent thrombus expansion and recurrence. The use of endovascular therapy (EVT) for CVT is controversial. Endovascular administration of thrombolysis or mechanical thrombus aspiration, or a combination of both, has yielded variable results in case reports and uncontrolled studies. Little is known about which pre- or postprocedural clinical and neuroimaging features predict improved outcomes after EVT for CVT. In this review, we describe EVT risks and potential benefits, discuss clinical and imaging features associated with prognosis and EVT effect, and outline the evidence behind EVT for CVT using illustrative case examples.
Abstract Cryoablation offers a safe, highly effective, and cosmetically conscious alternative to traditional open surgery without compromising oncologic results. Recent Food and Drug Administration marketing authorization for a breast cancer indication and the formal inclusion of the technique in American Society of Breast Surgeons treatment guidelines demonstrate that breast cryoablation is on its way to becoming a mainstream treatment modality. The future trajectory of this technology now depends largely on navigating the administrative and economic landscape. Transitioning from temporary tracking mechanisms to a permanent Category I Current Procedural Terminology code will stabilize the medical revenue cycle and establish the financial certainty required to drive widespread clinical adoption. This article will outline key components of program implementation, including technical equipment, training, institutional navigation, and reimbursement strategies.
Abstract Hyperthyroidism comprises a spectrum of disorders ranging from overt, symptomatic disease to subclinical disease and affects multiple organ systems. This review summarizes key causes, diagnostic strategies, and treatment approaches in adults, focusing on Graves' disease, autonomous functioning thyroid nodules (AFTNs), toxic multinodular goiter, and thyroiditis. The article focuses on the role of percutaneous image-guided ablation for selected patients with solitary AFTNs as a treatment modality for patients. Current evidence demonstrates high rates of biochemical remission, marked volume reduction, low complication rates, and durable outcomes, positioning ablation as an increasingly attractive option in modern hyperthyroidism management.
