L’estudi examina els errors comesos pels aprenents de xinès L1 en l’adquisició dels clítics datius en castellà, juntament amb les seves causes subjacents i les implicacions pedagògiques més àmplies. Mitjançant una observació participativa sistemàtica i entrevistes retrospectives en profunditat, es van recollir dades exhaustives de noranta-vuit estudiants universitaris xinesos especialitzats en Filologia Hispànica al llarg de dos semestres acadèmics consecutius. Es va dur a terme una anàlisi qualitativa dins el marc teòric de la teoria fonamentada, que va permetre una exploració inductiva de les categories i patrons emergents. Les troballes, interpretades des de perspectives intralingüístiques, interlingüístiques i socioculturals, revelen una sèrie de reptes persistents que aquests aprenents afronten en el domini dels clítics datius en castellà, és a dir, l’omissió, la mala col·locació i la confusió. L’estudi subratlla, a més, el paper essencial de la instrucció gramatical explícita, proposant-la com una estratègia pedagògica pràctica i eficaç per afavorir l’adquisició de les estructures de clítics en castellà entre els estudiants de xinès L1.
Aquesta contribució s’emmarca en la lingüística aplicada des de la lingüística cognitiva i la formació de paraules i es basa en dos corpus de referència en alemany i espanyol. L’article aborda els diversos trets dels sufixos de moció. La morfologia de construccions, dins de la lingüística cognitiva, considera els elements de la formació de paraules com a construccions amb forma i significat. El sufix de moció serveix principalment per formar el femení, però no és l’únic formador de femení en ambdues llengües. Per això, els objectius d’aquest treball són: 1) analitzar les funcions dels sufixos de moció. 2) Investigar el comportament del corpus respecte de la literatura existent. 3) Explorar les convergències i les divergències en les dues llengües. Els resultats d’aquestes anàlisis donaran lloc a l’afirmació que el sufix de moció presenta una freqüència d’aparició més gran en alemany que en espanyol. En alemany destaca, a més, l’ús en el llenguatge inclusiu i en espanyol s’investigarà la manca de sistematicitat per expressar el femení.
Aquest estudi examina Reddit, una pàgina de col·lecció de fòrums de debat, amb l’objectiu d’analitzar el seu potencial com a font de dades per a investigacions pragmàtiques i aportar metodològicament a l’estudi de l’anàlisi pragmàtica en entorns digitals. S’hi examinen característiques com l’anonimat dels usuaris, el sistema de votació, la Reddiquette i les normes dels subreddits, entre altres. Mitjançant una revisió bibliogràfica i una anàlisi crítica, el treball reflexiona sobre el potencial, els defectes i les consideracions ètiques d’aquesta plataforma per a estudis pragmàtics, oferint una contribució metodològica a l’anàlisi pragmàtica en contextos digitals.
El treball es dedica a l’estudi de l’ús contextualitzat del pronom personal nosaltres. Es pretén arribar a conèixer la naturalesa del grup del qual considera formar part un parlant parlamentari. S’observa que segons el context el pronom explícit pot expressar la solidaritat dins del grup al qual representa el pronom, afalagar-lo o també establir diferències dialèctiques entre el grup en qüestió i una altra persona o un altre grup de persones. L’èmfasi en les diferències ajuda a construir la imatge social del grup que representa l’emissor. L’ús del pronom opcional afavoreix la negociació de la imatge col·lectiva del grup que representa el parlant i de vegades també implica un efecte en la imatge social dels altres.
La digitalització de la indústria turística en l’era post-COVID ha afavorit la popularitat de noves formes de comunicació, en les quals és fonamental analitzar el discurs dels influencers. Mitjançant un enfocament metodològic mixt, que combina procediments inductius i deductius, aquest article analitza els recursos valoratius presents en 44 plogs (photo blogs) turístics obtinguts de la xarxa social xinesa RedNote, elaborats per influencers que han visitat Espanya. A partir de l’estudi dels marcadors actitudinals proposats per Hyland (2005a, 2005b), s’examinen els temes valorats, la positivitat o negativitat dels comentaris i els elements retoricodiscursius que els vehiculen. Els resultats assenyalen el predomini de comentaris sobre atraccions turístiques i gastronòmiques, que són majoritàriament positives, tot i que també hi apareixen estereotips i prejudicis. Considerant l’important impacte dels influencers, aquestes troballes tenen implicacions significatives per a la promoció turística i la presentació dels atractius espanyols davant la seva audiència i els potencials turistes xinesos.
The digitalization of the tourism industry in the post-COVID era has led to new forms of communication, making the analysis of influencers' discourse particularly relevant. This study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining inductive and deductive procedures to examine evaluative resources in 44 travel plogs (photo blogs) published on the Chinese social network RedNote. All plogs were authored by influencers who visited Spain, offering insights into their perceptions of this destination. Drawing on Hyland's (2005a, 2005b) framework of attitude markers, we analyze the evaluated topics, the polarity of comments, and the rhetorical-discursive elements that shape them. The results show that evaluations predominantly focus on tourist attractions and gastronomy, which are generally positive yet not free from stereotypes and biases. Given the considerable influence of these content creators, the findings have important implications for tourism promotion and the representation of Spain to Chinese audiences.
Animated media plays an essential role in shaping children’s understanding of gender roles, often reinforcing traditional stereotypes through character behaviour and narratives (Gilmore & Jordan, 2012). Previous research has shown that male characters tend to be more active, while female characters are frequently portrayed as passive (England et al., 2011; Thompson & Zerbinos, 1995). It has been recently emphasized, however, that there is a need to explore how children interpret these portrayals, as perceptions may differ across age and gender (Aubrey & Harrison, 2004). This study examines gender representation in the animated series Charlie and Lola through a content analysis of characters’ behaviours and communication activities in 11 episodes and group interviews with a group of 3rd graders (n = 23) and a group of 5th and 6th graders (n = 29). Firstly, the content analysis reveals that Charlie and Lola contains both traditional and progressive gender portrayals and that character dynamics are also influenced by the sibling structure, with Charlie, as the older brother, taking on leadership and problemsolving roles. However, Lola’s high verbal participation and assertiveness challenge conventional stereotypes. Secondly, the group interviews assessed children’s perceptions showing that older participants demonstrated greater awareness of gender roles and gender equality compared to younger participants. Notably, older children provided more responses overall and showed no lack of understanding of gender equality, indicating a more advanced stage of cognitive maturity that allows for greater engagement with abstract social concepts. Moreover, children were more likely to challenge gender stereotypes than reinforce them.
This paper deals with applied Linguistics from the point of view of cognitive linguistics and word formation and it is based on two reference corpora in German and in Spanish. The study aims at showing the peculiarities of motion suffixes in both languages. Construction Morphology, within cognitive linguistics, considers the elements of word formation as constructions with form and meaning. The motion suffix is used to form the feminine gender, although it is not the only indicator of the feminine gender. The aims of this paper are: 1), to analyse the functions of the feminine suffix in German and Spanish; 2), to study the behaviour of these suffixes in relation to the existing literature. 3), to analyse these items from a contrastive point of view in order to point out convergences and divergences between these languages. The results of this analysis will show that these suffixes show at present a larger frequency of appearance in German than in Spanish. It is relevant that this suffix expresses inclusive language in German, whereas it is not yet systematically a suffix for designating the feminine gender in Spanish.
The work is dedicated to the study of the contextualized use of the personal pronoun we. The aim is to get to know the nature of the group of which a parliamentary speaker considers himself to be a part. It is observed that depending on the context, the explicit pronoun can express solidarity within the group to which the pronoun represents, flatter it or also establish dialectical differences between the group in question and another person or another group of people. The emphasis on differences helps to build the social image of the issuing group. The use of the optional pronoun favours the negotiation of the collective image of the group represented by the speaker and sometimes also implies an effect on the social image of others.
This study examines Reddit, a collection of discussion forums, with the aim of analyzing its potential as a data source for pragmatic research and contributing methodologically to the study of pragmatic analysis in digital environments. It explores features such as user anonymity, the voting system, Reddiquette, and subreddit rules, among others. Through a literature review and critical analysis this work reflects on the platform's potential, shortcomings, and ethical considerations for pragmatic studies, offering a methodological contribution to pragmatic analysis in digital contexts.
The study examines the errors made by L1 Chinese learners in acquiring Spanish dative clitics, along with their underlying causes and broader pedagogical implications. Through systematic participatory observation and in-depth retrospective interviews, comprehensive data were collected from 98 Chinese university students majoring in Hispanic Philology over the course of two consecutive academic semesters. A qualitative analysis was conducted within the framework of the grounded theory approach, allowing for an inductive exploration of emerging categories and patterns. The findings, interpreted from intralingual, interlingual, and sociocultural perspectives, reveal a series of persistent challenges these learners encounter in mastering Spanish dative clitics, namely, omission, misplacement, and confusion. The study further underscores the essential role of explicit grammar instruction, proposing it as a practical and effective pedagogical strategy to facilitate the acquisition of Spanish clitic structures among L1 Chinese students.
Las metáforas en los textos jurídicos no son un mero ornamento, sino que constituyen un cotidiano, abundante y poderoso instrumento de pensamiento y comunicación. El propósito de este artículo consiste en estudiar el valor que adoptan las metáforas en el ámbito de la práctica judicial y, en particular, el lugar que ocupan en las sentencias. A partir de una muestra de resoluciones emitidas por diferentes órganos jurisdiccionales de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) nos interesa: (a) analizar algunos patrones metafóricos —en tanto formas o esquemas de conceptualización recurrentes— destinados a conceptualizar el proceso judicial; (b) mostrar cómo el empleo de estos patrones metafóricos obedece a determinadas motivaciones pragmáticas que ponen en evidencia un modo de pensar metafórico, mediante el cual se instauran ciertas formas de percibir, de pensar, de actuar y de comunicar. Consideramos, además, que este pensamiento metafórico se vincula con rutinas comunicativas altamente normativizadas y normalizadas.
Les col·locacions tenen un paper fonamental en l’ensenyament i l’aprenentatge de l’espanyol com a llengua estrangera. Com una combinació restringida i característica, representa un desafiament significatiu per als estudiants no nadius. Tot i això, sovint els usuaris no troben les col·locacions que busquen, a causa de factors com la influència de les relacions paradigmàtiques, que poden portar a la substitució d’un dels components. En aquest treball, presentem les diverses relacions paradigmàtiques possibles (sinonímia, antonímia, hiperonímia, hiponímia, cohiponímia i meronímia) en les col·locacions. Mitjançant una anàlisi comparativa de les col·locacions formades per components amb aquestes relacions en diccionaris monolingües d’aprenentatge, s’observa que, a diferència dels diccionaris fraseològics, que registren explícitament aquesta informació, als diccionaris d’aprenentatge la seva inclusió varia segons l’amplitud i no té uniformitat. D’aquesta manera, el treball proposa procediments per optimitzar l’accés a les col·locacions en aquests repertoris lexicogràfics.
L’entrevista sociolingüística és un dels mètodes més freqüentment utilitzats per obtenir mostres destinades a l’estudi de la llengua oral. Tot i això, diferents autors han posat de manifest que les entrevistes no proporcionen un material adequat per a l’anàlisi de certs fenòmens de la llengua conversacional. La cortesia mitigadora ha estat assenyalada com un, mentre que les seves característiques situacionals determinarien que a l’entrevista amb prou feines es produeixin amenaces a la imatge dels parlants. Partint d’una mostra d’entrevistes, el treball posa de manifest com les diferents estratègies desplegades pels entrevistadors condicionen en gran mesura el tipus de fenòmens lingüístics que apareixen als materials resultants. Específicament, es mostra com a les entrevistes més flexibles, informals i desestructurades, es localitzen abundants i variats exemples d’amenaça a la imatge, cosa que les converteix en un material apte per a l’estudi de certs fenòmens relacionats amb la cortesia.
The sociolinguistic interview is one of the most commonly used methods for obtaining samples intended for the study of spoken language. However, various authors have pointed out that interviews do not provide adequate material for the analysis of certain conversational language phenomena. Mitigating politeness would be one of these phenomena, as, due to their situational characteristics, interviews rarely produce face-threatening acts. Based on a sample of interviews, this work highlights how the different strategies employed by interviewers largely determine the type of linguistic phenomena that appear in the resulting materials. Specifically, it shows how in more flexible, informal, and unstructured interviews, there are numerous and varied examples of face-threatening acts, making this kind of interview suitable material for the study of certain phenomena related to politeness.
While error analysis alone is insufficient to assess language learners' production, it is an essential component of the Complexity, Accuracy, Fluency triad (CAF), a generally accepted comprehensive framework for its study. The literature review reveals that existent lexical error taxonomies vary widely, making it difficult to compare results. In order to promote a consistent and uniform approach to lexical error analysis in areas of study that are not only or primarily concerned with error analysis or vocabulary learning we suggest a comprehensive taxonomy with clear annotation guidelines. Our main objective is methodological and consists in adapting the Hemchua and Schmitt (2006) lexical error taxonomy by striking a balance between its wide scope and its clarity and usability. We also discuss several methodological issues in its implementation. The adapted taxonomy is applied to a corpus of essays written by advanced learners of English as a foreign language, Croatian university students majoring in business and tourism, and shows numerous advantages. The corpus analysis indicates that semantic errors are more frequent than formal errors and the most frequent lexical errors are Wrong near synonyms, Preposition partners, and Wrong word choice.
This study explores Chinese bare nouns, with a specific focus on their feature of number neutrality. As a case study, we investigate the bare noun most frequently used to convey general human reference, i.e., r & eacute;n 'person, people'. Building upon a parallel corpus composed of Mo Yan's novels and their aligned English translations, the research investigates the sentence-level and discourse- level properties influencing the interpretation of singular vs. plural meanings included within the number-neutral source bare noun when translated into a target language such as English, which grammatically marks number. The analysis uncovers the multifactorial relationship between number marking in English and the semantic structure (in terms of partitivity and genericity) as well as the pragmatic properties (related to the discourse status) of the source bare noun. It is shown that certain contexts unambiguously preclude a singular or plural interpretation, particularly in generic-partitive statements and sentences introducing direct speech lines.
Metaphors in legal texts are not a mere ornament, but constitute a daily, abundant and powerful instrument of thought and communication. The purpose of this article is to study the value of metaphors in judicial practice and, in particular, their place in sentences. Based on a sample of resolutions issued by different courts in the province of Buenos Aires (Argentina) we are interested in: (a) analyzing some metaphorical patterns -as recurring forms or schemes of conceptualization- aimed at conceptualizing the judicial process; (b) show how the use of these metaphorical patterns obeys certain pragmatic motivations that reveal a metaphorical way of thinking, through which certain ways of perceiving, thinking, acting and communicating are established. We also consider that this metaphorical thought is linked to communicative routines, highly normativized and normalized.
Systems that analyze and interpret user-generated content can extract actionable information from the Internet to improve citizens` quality of life. This article aims to apply an ontological model (DIAPASON) based on the social-sensing paradigm to support the advance of smart societies. The main goal of this ontology is to assist the NLP module in the tasks of topic categorization and keyword recognition when analyzing English short texts from social media platforms to perform social problems detection. As a sample, a representative number of problem schemas belonging to the WORK domain have been described and formalized. This domain is included in the ECONOMY dimension of the SOCIAL category (as opposed to the one described in the ontology as PHYSICAL). The template that develops the description of each problem includes essential aspects for its computer detection, such as typology (category, dimension, domain, problem type and problem scheme) and definition inspired by the COREL interface language.
Collocations play a fundamental role in the teaching and learning of Spanish as a foreign language. As a restricted and characteristic combination, it represents a significant challenge for non-native learners. However, users frequently fail to find the collocations they are looking for, due to factors such as the influence of paradigmatic relations, which can lead to the substitution of one of the components. In this paper, we present the various possible paradigmatic relations (synonymy, antonymy, hyperonymy, hyponymy, cohyponymy and meronymy) in collocations. By means of a comparative analysis of collocations formed by components with these relations in monolingual learning dictionaries, it is observed that, unlike phraseological dictionaries, which explicitly record this information, in learning dictionaries their inclusion varies according to the extent and lacks uniformity. Thus, the paper proposes procedures to optimize access to collocations in these lexicographic repertoires.
