We examined the impact of private supplementary education (PSE) on academic performance and mental health among 97,200 students from 140 schools across 31 Chinese provinces, using directed acyclic graphing and the Peter–Clark algorithm. Results revealed PSE had a negative effect on academic performance and mixed effects on mental health. Participation in academic courses did not improve grades but increased depression, whereas hobby courses enhanced mental health without affecting academic performance. Engaging in both course types improved mental health but not academics. Participation in thinking PSE courses enhanced both academic performance and mental health. PSE exerted stronger negative effects on girls, students from high-income families, and rural (vs. urban) adolescents. Primary school students in PSE showed better academic performance but greater depression, while high school students experienced no academic gains but improved mental well-being. This highlights the complex influence of PSE across course types, demographics, and educational stages.
Excessive short video use has become increasingly prevalent and may be influencing consumer behavior. Drawing on dualprocess theory, this study examined the relationship between short video overuse and impulsive buying behavior, as well as the mediating roles of negative emotion and self-control. We conducted correlation and mediation analyses of data from an online survey of 357 consumers in China. The results indicated that short video overuse was negatively associated with self-control and positively associated with impulsive buying behavior. Further, self-control partially mediated the relationship between short video overuse and impulsive buying. These findings highlight the dominant role of self-control in influencing impulsive buying under conditions of excessive short video use, and offer insights for reducing its negative behavioral consequences.
This study analyzed the influence of leadership humor on employees' voice behavior and its mechanism of action, constructing a model with leadership humor as the independent variable, employees' positive emotion as the mediator, superior– subordinate relationships as the moderator, and employees' voice behavior as the dependent variable. We conducted a survey using a convenience sampling method and conducted empirical analysis of the valid data ( N = 510). The results showed that leadership humor, positive emotion, and superior–subordinate relationships were all significantly and positively related to employee voice behavior. Positive emotion played a mediating role in the effect of leadership humor on employee voice behavior. Further, superior–subordinate relationships played a moderating role in the relationship between leadership humor and employee voice behavior. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
To investigate how connectedness to nature shapes art college students' creative tendencies and explore its underlying psychological mechanisms, we surveyed 362 art major students from two universities in China. The results revealed that connectedness to nature, creative tendencies, psychological richness, and positive affect were significantly and positively correlated. Connectedness to nature positively predicted art college students ' creative tendencies, and this link was partially mediated by psychological richness. Further, positive affect emerged as a significant moderator of the nature connectedness– psychological richness relationship. These findings advance understanding of the psychological mechanisms linking connectedness to nature with creative tendencies among art college students and provide practical implications for fostering their creativity.
The positive impact of sports participation on psychological wellbeing has been well documented; however, the mediating and moderating mechanisms influencing this link remain unclear. We examined the mediating effect of loneliness and the moderating effect of emotional intelligence in the association of sports participation and life satisfaction among a sample of 862 Chinese emerging adults. The findings of conditional process analysis showed that students ' participation in sports was positively associated with their life satisfaction. Loneliness mediated the effect of sports participation on life satisfaction. Emotional intelligence moderated the direct effect of sports participation on life satisfaction, the direct effect of loneliness on life satisfaction, and the indirect effect of sports participation on life satisfaction via loneliness. On the basis of our findings, sports participation should be promoted and emotional intelligence cultivated to amplify positive outcomes among emerging adults.
