Background. Until now, science lacks a holistic philosophical understanding of the phenomenon of existential boredom and has not developed an attitude towards it, although it is recognized in the scientific community. The problem is that in today's rapidly changing and constantly evolving world, people are losing their spiritual and moral bearings, suffering from boredom. This article allows us to consider existential boredom as its variety from various points of view. The purpose of the work is to study the phenomenon of existential boredom in the context of human social existence. Methodology. The authors rely on such famous philosophers as A. Schopenhauer, M. Heidegger, and modern researchers (E. Makagon, L. Svendsen). The research was conducted using methods of systematic, logical, comparative and historical analysis and synthesis. As well as bibliographic analysis, description and comparison. Results. Comparing and analyzing different points of view on this problem, the authors conclude that existential boredom is a part of human existence and society. Existential reflections can become a "cure" for boredom: in this state, a person is able to realize the meaning of our being and time. This work allows us to conclude that existential boredom is a sign of a developed society, and not everyone is capable of searching for existential meaning. Therefore, existential boredom is not an absolutely negative phenomenon for a person and society.
Background. To comprehend modern global trends in the paradigm of Russia's relations with the world requires the actualization of the concept ‘Russian idea’. For this purpose, the article makes a selective socio-philosophical analysis of the process of evolution of the concept ‘Russian idea’ from the early twentieth century to the present day within the cultural-historical paradigm. Purpose. The aim of the analysis is to comprehend this concept in the paradigm of the concepts of ‘Russian statehood’ and ‘Russian civilization’ through the conceptualization of the key criteria that actualize these concepts. Materials and methods. The cultural-historical analysis of the evolution of the concept ‘Russian idea’ actualizes this concept with the help of various basic criteria revealing its main conceptual qualitative characteristics. Results. The socio-philosophical approach to the analysis of the evolution of the concept ‘Russian idea’ leads to the conclusion about the missionary role of Russia in the history of mankind and its actualization in the modern global conflict. The civilizational approach allows us to assess Russia's role on the world stage as a civilization-state, and also reveals the key trends in the interaction of the Russian Federation with other states.
Background. In the modern world, characterized by globalization and the rapid development of information technologies, issues of national security and state sovereignty become particularly relevant. These aspects are interconnected and require an integrated approach to ensure political independence, economic stability, and preservation of cultural uniqueness of states. Research through realism, liberalism, and constructivism approaches allows for a deeper understanding of the relationship between sovereignty and national security. These concepts enrich the analysis and enable consideration of the problem from various perspectives, taking into account the diversity of approaches to this topic. Purpose – Analysis of the relationship between national security concepts and sovereignty through the lens of theoretical approaches of realism, liberalism, and constructivism. Materials and methods. Comparative and critical analyses evaluate theories, identifying their similarities, differences, and correspondence to reality. Logical and systemic analyses help understand the connections between arguments and examine national security in the context of the political system, considering both international and internal factors. The results of the study confirm the key role of national security in ensuring and strengthening national sovereignty. The analysis of various theoretical concepts of national security, such as realism, liberalism, and constructivism, allowed us to identify their specific approaches to understanding and interpreting this phenomenon. The realist approach emphasizes the importance of military power and geopolitical influence for ensuring sovereignty. The liberal approach focuses on economic and institutional factors, such as free trade and international organizations. The constructivist approach examines national security through the prism of social and cultural identity, emphasizing the role of norms and ideologies in shaping security perceptions. The study confirmed that national security plays a key role in ensuring and strengthening national sovereignty. The integration of various theoretical approaches (realism, liberalism, constructivism) allowed for a more comprehensive assessment of the relationship between these concepts. National states strive to maintain a balance between military, economic, and socio-cultural aspects of security to minimize threats and preserve independence.
Background. The period of study of the outstanding scientist V.M. Florinsky at the Perm Theological Seminary (1848–1853) deserves special attention as a key stage in his spiritual and professional development. Based on archival materials and memoir evidence, the influence of religious upbringing, the educational environment, and the teaching staff on the formation of the future scientist’s worldview is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the development of his research and humanitarian interests, including the impact of philosophy, history, and literature. The authors address the issues of V.M. Florinsky’s perception of his education and its significance for his subsequent scientific and social activities. Purpose – to identify and analyze the key factors that influenced V.M. Florinsky’s spiritual development during his studies at the Perm Theological Seminary, as well as to determine their role in his subsequent scientific and social activities. Materials and methods. The article is based on sources of a personal nature: the memoirs and diaries of V.M. Florinsky. The main scientific method used is the historical-genetic method. Additionally, other methods such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, classification, and typology are employed to structure and gain a deeper understanding of various aspects of the scholar's spiritual and professional development. Results. The study of V.M. Florinsky’s memoirs demonstrates the crucial role of spiritual and humanitarian education in shaping his personality and highlights the influence of religious beliefs on his professional path and public activities. Raised in a religious environment, he developed traditional Christian views and, despite being exposed to Western ideas of skepticism and materialism, remained a steadfast adherent of the Orthodox faith. He highly valued his education at the Perm Theological Seminary, particularly for the opportunity to study primary sources, develop critical thinking, and master the Latin language. His acquaintance with the seminary library and the intellectual environment of his teachers had a significant impact on his scientific aspirations, fostering an appreciation for the humanities, including philosophy, history, and languages. The experience gained at the Perm Theological Seminary played a key role in shaping his personality and academic interests. It was there that he formed the image of a scholar devoted to the study and dissemination of knowledge. Further research into his personal archives, correspondence, and unpublished materials will not only supplement his biography but also deepen the understanding of the role of theological seminaries in preparing scholars and public figures of the 19th century.
Background. The study of the category of evaluation within the anthropocentric paradigm, which plays a leading role in modern linguistics, the lacunarity of the designated area, as well as the growing interest in Internet communication and the ways of expressing the evaluative component in it, using various linguistic and communicative means, determine the relevance of this study. The purpose of the research is to identify verbal and non-verbal means of expressing expert evaluation in music video reactions. Materials and methods. The study used methods of discourse, pragmalinguistic, comparative analysis, as well as the quantitative method. Results. The article describes linguo-communicative means that represent positive and negative evaluation in music video reactions. The study identifies expert characteristics that include self-presentation as an expert, field of activity related to music, experience, and reviews about the expert’s work. For expressing expert evaluation, it is common to use evaluative adjectives and nouns, as well as intensifying adverbs, which allow to characterize the object of evaluation in relation to the speaker’s opinion. When expressing evaluation in video reactions, experts mostly use evaluative vocabulary, supplemented by musical terminology. The use of negative and interrogative sentences in expressing expert evaluation is mainly associated with highlighting negative qualities of the evaluated material and the further consideration of these qualities by the expert. To express approval or disapproval, experts use rhetorical questions and exclamations. Non-verbal means (facial expressions, gestures, prosody) intensify the evaluative utterance.
