Zusammenfassung Verbundsysteme der Nachwuchsförderung stellen Kooperationen zwischen Schulen und Organisationen des Spitzensports dar, die seit den 1990er Jahren in Deutschland etabliert wurden, um duale Karrieren schulpflichtiger Nachwuchsathleten zu ermöglichen. Die Verbundsysteme sind durch eine spitzensportliche Funktionalisierung der kooperierenden Schulen gekennzeichnet, womit gemeint ist, dass die Teilnahmebedingungen für Nachwuchsathleten in der Schule an die Anforderungen des Spitzensports angepasst werden. Auch wenn es Versuche einer bundesweiten Vereinheitlichung der Verbundsysteme gibt, zeigen vorliegende Studien jedoch, dass die unterschiedlichen schulrechtlichen Regulierungen in den Bundesländern und die Eigenlogik von Schulen einheitlichen Funktionalisierungsstrategien deutliche Grenzen setzt. Der vorliegende Beitrag verfolgt daher das Ziel, Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der spitzensportlichen Funktionalisierung im Rahmen von Fallstudien an baden-württembergischen Verbundsystemschulen herauszuarbeiten. Dies erfolgt auf der Basis organisationstheoretischer Überlegungen sowie qualitativer Interviews mit Vertretern von Schulen und Ministerien. Eine englische Übersetzung des Beitrags ist online unter „Zusatzmaterial“ verfügbar.
Summary This article focuses on the perspective of sports club members and examines sports-specific motives, sports club-related values, and member satisfaction in order to examine the extent to which club offerings are tailored to the diverse needs, expectations, and perspectives of the members. Particular attention is paid to the often underexposed urban–rural dimension. Finally, the empirical results of an online survey ( N = 261) in the Osnabrück area show that distraction- and recreation-related motives are more important for members in urban areas, whereas “classic” values such as community, tradition, or performance are more important for members in rural areas. Overall, however, the differences are small. Furthermore, multivariate methods illustrate that the factors influencing motives and values are highly diverse. Against this background, this article discusses the measurement and significance of constructs relevant to club sports that are only indirectly observable, as well as the question raised regarding the fit of sports club offerings.
Summary Freelance dancers work in a field that requires extraordinary creativity and performance. However, it is also characterized by project-based work with a high degree of uncertainty. This tension raises the question of how dancers position themselves in this field of work and how their professional biographies develop. We examined the professional biographies of six freelance contemporary dancers using biographical interviews and timeline drawing. The data were analyzed via career sociological theories. Dancers’ biographies were found to progress through four phases of development, from initial contact with dance to „becoming a professional dancer.“ Despite individual differences, all of the dancers developed several parallel professional paths alongside a fluid understanding of their roles. Turning points and continuous challenges were further typical features of the professional biographies, reflecting the precarious structural conditions of the arts and culture industry. The study provides unique insights into the professional career experiences of freelance dancers and the biographical ramifications of unstable working conditions for artists.
