BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Immunologically mediated mucocutaneous diseases frequently manifest initially in the oral cavity and often exhibit overlapping clinical features. This overlap complicates early clinical diagnosis and may delay appropriate management. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and clinicopathological characteristics of oral lichen planus, oral pemphigus and oral pemphigoid in a large retrospective cohort. MATERIAL AND METHODS:A retrospective analysis of 6300 biopsy records archived over a 21-year period was performed. Cases diagnosed histopathologically as oral lichen planus, oral pemphigus and oral pemphigoid were included. Demographic details and clinical features were retrieved from records. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were re-evaluated using current diagnostic criteria. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 21. RESULTS:Out of 6300 cases, 105 (1.66%) were immunologically mediated oral diseases. Oral lichen planus constituted 86 cases (1.36%), oral pemphigoid 15 cases (0.23%) and oral pemphigus 4 cases (0.06%). Characteristic clinicopathological features were observed for each entity, with oral lichen planus being the most prevalent. CONCLUSIONS:Immunologically mediated oral diseases represented a small proportion of oral biopsy specimens. Overlapping clinical features necessitate careful clinicopathological correlation to ensure accurate diagnosis. Histopathological examination remains essential for definitive diagnosis and appropriate management.
OBJECTIVE:Until now no studies were conducted to evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of both - rotary and reciprocating - endodontic instruments with and without cryogenic treatment. Therefore, the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of cryogenic therapy on the cyclic fatigue resistance of various nickel-titanium rotary and reciprocating endodontic files in an artificial 90º curved canal. MATERIAL AND METHODS:This in vitro study was conducted using 20 rotary and 20 reciprocating nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments: 10 ProTaper Next, 10 ProTaper Ultimate, 10 Reciproc and 10 Plex RC-ONE. All instruments were divided equally into control and cryogenic treatment groups. Instruments in cryogenic treatment groups were immersed in liquid nitrogen (-196ºC) for 24 hours, after which they were gradually returned to the room temperature. All instruments were tested in an artificial canal with a 90º curvature, and the entire process was recorded till the instrument fracture. Time to fracture was multiplied by the corresponding rotation speed. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software. RESULTS:The results of this study revealed statistically significant positive effect of cryogenic treatment on the cyclic fatigue resistance of Reciproc system instruments, while no statistically significant effect of cryotherapy was observed in the other instrument groups. When comparing different instrument systems in the cryogenic treatment groups, Reciproc instruments demonstrated statistically significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance than other instruments in this study. CONCLUSIONS:Our research demonstrated the efficacy of deep cryogenic treatment in increasing the cyclic fatigue resistance of reciprocating endodontic instrument system Reciproc. The study also showed the significantly better Reciproc resistance to cyclic fatigue than rotary ProTaper Next and ProTaper Ultimate instruments.
PURPOSE:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the difference between bone atrophy, pink esthetic score, and long-term results in socket shield technique compared to traditional immediate implantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The literature review was carried out according to PRISMA principles and the database search was performed using the following keywords: "Socket shield technique ", "Root membrane ", "Pink esthetic score ", and "Immediate dental implant loading ". This review involved studies with humans that were published in English. The studies were published between 2018 and 2025, and the socket shield technique was compared with traditional immediate implantation. RESULTS:Out of 517 records, 5 randomized controlled trials were selected, reporting 169 patients who received 184 implants (92 socket-shield technique, 92 immediate implant). Meta-analysis of the Pink Esthetic Score outcomes showed that implants placed using the socket-shield technique (intervention group) achieved significantly higher pink esthetic scores than those implants placed immediately (pooled mean difference = 1.29; 95% CI: 0.32-2.26; p=0.0095), demonstrating a statistically significant effect in favor of the intervention group. Our systematic review demonstrates that socket-shield technique provides superior preservation of marginal bone compared with traditional immediate implantation protocols. CONCLUSIONS:The socket shield technique allows implant rehabilitation characterized by better aesthetic outcomes and minimal bone loss compared to traditional immediate implantation.
INTRODUCTION:Sialolithiasis is a relatively uncommon alteration of the salivary gland characterized by the presence of calcified structures within the glandular parenchyma or its ductal system, causing swelling and pain. AIM:Present a series of six cases of sialolithiasis in the submandibular and parotid glands, the diagnostic process, and the adopted treatment approach. CASE SERIES:Five reported cases occurred in the submandibular gland, and only one in the parotid gland. Three patients presented with painful symptoms, increased volume, and purulent secretions, while the other three cases were asymptomatic. All sialoliths were diagnosed through radiographic exams. The treatment consisted of sialolith removal via surgical approach and/or salivary flow stimulation via local massage. CONCLUSION:Sialolithiasis is diagnosed through clinical and imaging evaluation, and conservative treatment approaches preserve the integrity and function of the gland.
OBJECTIVE:To study the peculiarities of the anatomical structure and architecture of the mandibular in children at different age to CT data. METHODS:161 CT scans of the bones of the facial skull of children aged 1 to 18 years were selected. Orientation of the tomographic slices was based on the standardized protocol of CT studies. Differences were considered significant when p values were lower than 0.05. RESULTS:The width of the lower jaw was greatest in the area of the angle and chin symphysis. The general dynamics of the thickening of the cortical layer of the lower jaw from the vestibular side differed from the dynamics of the formation of the lingual cortex. The density of the cortical layer increased with age: the difference between its average value in the age groups of 1-3 years and 14-17 years was 16-46%. CONCLUSIONS:The width of the lower jaw in the process of its growth and development increases in different areas by an average of 6-58%. The thickening of the cortical layer with age is more intensive than the general increase in its thickness and amounts to 41-51% for various areas of the jaw, except for the head of the condylar process. The radiological density of the cortical layer increases with age by 6-67%, and reaches 2064.2±180.54 in the older age group.
