Vanadium (V) is a trace element of growing environmental concern. This study evaluates the possible chemical controls on V mobilization in an unconfined loess aquifer of the Chaco-Pampean plain (Marcos Juárez, Córdoba, Argentina), with emphasis on the role of competing ions under alkaline and variable redox conditions. Fourteen groundwater samples were analyzed for major ions, As, and F⁻. Ten selected samples were used for the determination of V and for geochemical inverse modeling (PHREEQC) employing the diffuse layer model (DLM) for Fe oxides, incorporating competitive sorption of AsO₄³⁻, HCO₃⁻, F⁻, and OH⁻. Groundwaters are predominantly sodium-bicarbonate to sodium-sulfate type, with neutral to alkaline pH (7.06–8.02) and oxidizing conditions (Eh 4.8–123.7 mV). Vanadium concentrations ranged from 5.4 to 364 µg/L. A strong positive correlation was found between As and V (r = 0.85), indicating a common geogenic origin and mobilization processes. Inverse modeling achieved an excellent fit between measured and calculated V concentrations when competitors were included (r = 0.99). Without competitors, the model underestimated dissolved V by a factor of 2–3. These results demonstrate that competitive sorption onto Fe oxides – particularly by HCO₃⁻ and AsO₄³⁻ – is a key mechanism controlling V mobility in loess aquifers. The high concentrations of As and V render this groundwater unsuitable for human consumption and livestock use, highlighting the need for monitoring.
This study investigates the technical, economic, and social factors influencing the implementation of water reuse projects in Surat, India, where on-site greywater (GW) reuse systems are being planned. A questionnaire survey was conducted to examine the social factors affecting public willingness to adopt non-potable GW reuse. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyse the relationships between observed and latent variables influencing adoption intentions. Responses from 385 participants revealed that acceptance varied across demographic groups, particularly with respect to education, gender, income, occupation and family size. The structural model showed that satisfaction with the current freshwater supply, psychological barriers, perceived risks and trust in local government significantly influenced the intention to adopt GW reuse, whereas the overall socio-demographic construct, type of freshwater supply, awareness, perceived benefits and financial incentives were not statistically significant predictors. Flushing toilets and watering plants were identified as the most preferred non-potable applications, while laundry and dishwashing were the least preferred due to concerns about human contact. The findings highlight the importance of transparent communication, public engagement, and trust-building to address public concerns. Although financial incentives did not directly influence acceptance, they may complement awareness and trust-building initiatives during the early stages of implementation, thereby supporting the long-term success of GW reuse projects. Study involved 385 respondents from the Indian city of Surat where greywater reuse is planned. Willingness to adopt GW reuse varied across socio-demographic groups. Trust in the local government and perceived emotional and cultural barriers had significant effect. Socio-demographic factors, type of freshwater supply and awareness were not found to be statistically significant.
Lakes İznik and Uluabat, 50 km apart in northwestern Turkey, share a regional precipitation regime and closely coupled evaporative-demand variability (mean potential evapotranspiration, PET, differs 15
This study investigates the mechanisms underlying floodplain degradation in dam reservoirs from a socio-hydrological perspective. Specifically, it aims to understand how human behavior, flood dynamics, and policy interventions interact to influence long-term changes in floodplain conditions. To achieve this, the study developed a dynamic modeling framework using differential equations that incorporate the memory of inundation, impact perception, economic incentives, and policy penalties. The model is applied to the Andong Dam in Korea, and simulations are performed under both historical period and future climate conditions (RCP 4.5 and 8.5). The impact of the strengthened penalties on the degradation control is also analyzed. The simulation results reproduce the historical period degradation trend and reveal that low inundation frequency leads to rapid floodplain conversion due to dominant economic incentives. In contrast, more frequent inundation under future climate scenarios helps maintain public memory and reduce degradation rates. However, floodplain degradation was fully suppressed only when the penalty level became comparable to the expected agricultural gain.
Drought is a major hydroclimatic hazard in semi-arid and transboundary basins, where warming and precipitation variability jointly intensify water stress. This study evaluates hydroclimatic variability and meteorological drought in the Euphrates–Tigris Basin during 1994–2024 using CHIRPS and ERA5-Land datasets. Daily precipitation, temperature, and evapotranspiration data were analyzed through spatial assessment, Mann–Kendall (MK) trend testing, Sen’s slope estimation, and drought indices based on Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and the Percent of Normal Index (PNI). Results show that the dominant basin-wide signal is persistent warming, with significant increases in annual mean, minimum, and maximum temperature. By contrast, annual precipitation and evapotranspiration are characterized by strong interannual variability and statistically non-significant long-term trends. Despite differences in precipitation magnitude and spatial sharpness, both precipitation datasets reveal a consistent basin-scale precipitation structure and identify similar major drought and wet phases. The most prominent dry periods occurred around 1999–2001, 2008–2009, and 2021–2023, whereas 2019–2020 emerged as the clearest humid phase. These findings suggest that recent drought behavior in the Euphrates–Tigris Basin is driven less by a monotonic decline in rainfall than by the interaction between rainfall variability and persistent warming. The study highlights the value of multi-dataset comparative analysis for drought monitoring in transboundary and data-scarce basins.
