Abstract We conducted phylogenetic analyses of Poa focused on Afro‐alpine species from sub‐Saharan Africa and Madagascar. We analyzed three plastid regions ( matK , trnC‐rpoB , trnT‐trnL‐trnF ) and two nuclear ribosomal (nr) regions (ITS, ETS) for 194 samples and 117 species of Poa . We present new DNA data for 93 samples, including 33 samples of seven Afro‐alpine species from Tanzania, Madagascar, and the Drakensberg. All previously detected major clades of Poa were strongly supported in the new trees, along with a novel, isolated, nrDNA clade (here termed the “ f ‐clade”) including six of seven Afro‐alpine species. Plastid sequences of all Afro‐alpine taxa resolved in P . subg. Poa supersect. Homalopoa ( H‐ clade), but only P. leptoclada was placed here based on nrDNA sequences. The novel Afro‐alpine nrDNA f ‐clade aligned as sister to Poa sect. Alpinae and sect. Arenariae ( A ‐clade). We explore plausible hypotheses for the genetic origin of the new clade and biogeographical origins of Afro‐alpine species within Poa . The f ‐clade is hypothesized to have a singular origin; however, with our current data the H ‐clade was insufficiently resolved to identify with certainty the origin of the Afro‐alpine f ‐clade. We provide evidence that the three endemic Madagascar species originated from two or three dispersal events from mainland Africa. Taxonomy of native Afro‐alpine species includes synonymy, morphological descriptions, distributions, notes on breeding systems and spikelet pubescence variations. We describe one new sky‐island species ( P. fernandopoensis ) from Equatorial Guinea and make 10 lectotypifications ( P. ankaratrensis , P. annua var . hypsophila , P. friesiorum , P. heterogama , P. leptoclada , P. madecassa , P. perlaxa , P. perrieri , P. pumilio , P. ruwenzoriensis ). We provide a key to all Poa taxa of sub‐Saharan Africa and Madagascar including introduced species and a compilation of all known chromosome numbers of African taxa (with some corrections), including five new chromosome counts for P. binata . We also provide a new combination, P. anatolica , for the single species of Oreopoa.
Abstract DNA sequences of loricate euglenids (genera Strombomonas and Trachelomonas ) were analyzed in conjunction with detailed examinations of lorica and monad morphology. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using 342 new sequences representing three molecular markers (149 nSSU, 102 nLSU, 91 cpSSU rDNA). Sequences were obtained from environmental isolates collected in Poland (151 isolates), the Czech Republic (1 isolate), and Denmark (1 isolate). The resulting phylogenetic tree includes 88 taxa of loricate euglenids, 53 of which are newly presented in this study. Based on phylogenetic relationships, morphological characteristics and literature data, we describe a new genus Parastrombomonas and revise the taxonomy of 70 species, providing diagnostic descriptions and nomenclatural updates for each emended taxon.
Abstract Corydalis sect. Benecinctae is one of the sections of Corydalis that reaches the highest altitude in the genus Corydalis , and includes some species that are masters of camouflage. However, the phylogenetic relationships among species in this section have not yet been fully resolved, resulting in persistent taxonomic ambiguity. Phylogenetic analyses based on chloroplast genome data from 14 samples (9 newly sequenced) covering nearly all previously described taxa of this section confirm that these taxa constitute a strongly supported monophyletic clade, within which both interspecific and intraspecific relationships are clearly resolved. Integrating molecular phylogenetic and morphological evidence, a taxonomic revision of this section is here conducted. One new species ( C. wolongensis ) and two new varieties ( C. benecincta var. dianzangensis , C. benecincta var. multifida ) are described; of C. tuberipisiformis and C. geocarpa , both previously synonymized under C. dajingensis , the former is reinstated and the latter newly treated as a variety of C. dajingensis . Corydalis trilobipetala , formerly recognized as a distinct species or as C. benecincta subsp. trilobipetala , is here newly treated as C. benecincta var. trilobipetala . According to the updated taxonomic treatment in the present study, this section comprises four species and four varieties (excluding typical varieties).
