Using textile materials,a flexible ankle-assisted device was designed to achieve assisted dorsiflexion movements of the ankle joint.Sixteen subjects were selected for the test to evaluate wearing comfort and assisting effect of the assist device from both subjective and objective aspects with and without wearing the flexible ankle-assisted device.The test results showed that,the comfort of the subjects wearing the flexible ankle-assisted device at a speed of 4.0 km/h and 7.5 km/h was more than satisfactory,and the heart rate of the subjects decreased by 2.79%and 4.60%respectively compared to the state without the assist device,which verified the assisting effect of the assist device.The design of this flexible ankle-assisted device and the current stage of research can provide some reference value for subsequent related work.
According to the typical 3D fabric products forming process,the forming processes and equipments of weaving,knitting,needling and stitching were introduced,and the characteristics and forming methods of various products were summarized,hoping to provide bases for the design and production of 3D fabric products.
The definition,classification,working principle,applicable fields of bag house were introduced,the index differences of five domestic standards related to bag house were compared.The test results of filter bag and fabric of bag house in China in recent two years were analyzed,and the main quality problems were discussed,hoping to provide references for enterprises to improve product quality.
Textile-based supercapacitors will work in different climatic conditions,and the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors based on traditional alkaline polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)gel electrolytes is significantly affected by temperature.By adding acrylic acid(AA)monomer to the conventional PVA-KOH-H2O system,the electrochemical performance and stability of the gel electrolyte in a wide temperature range were improved in coplanar textile-based supercapacitors.The surface resistance of fabric electrodes,electrical performance of gel electrolyte,and overall electrochemical behavior of coplanar textile-based supercapacitors were tested within the temperature range of-20℃to 60℃to investigate the influence mechanism of temperature on coplanar textile-based supercapacitors,and to compare with those of sandwich-structure textile-based supercapacitor.The results showed that,with temperature increasing,the surface resistance of fabric electrodes decreased,the gel electrolyte's ionic conductivity increased,and coplanar textile-based supercapacitors'energy storage performance gradually improved.The area specific capacitance increased from 1.57 mF/cm2(at 20℃)to 2.70 mF/cm2(at 60℃)at a current density of 0.06 mA/cm2.Since the electrodes and electrolytes were integrated in the same plane,the temperature variation had relatively small impact on the interface interaction of coplanar textile-based supercapacitors.However,the contact area between the electrolyte and air increased,weakening charge-discharge stability at high temperatures.
Polybutene-1 melt-blown nonwoven materials were obtained from polybutene-1 resin by melt-blown nonwoven process.The nonwoven samples were tested and characterized,and their properties were compared with those of polypropylene melt-blown nonwovens.The results show that polybutene-1 melt-blown nonwovens have good tensile properties,while their oil absorption and sound absorption properties are good,but not as good as polypropylene melt-blown nonwovens.
Polyethylene(PE)fibers,polypropylene(PP)fibers and polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)fibers were characterized by infrared spectroscopic analysis,thermogravimetric analysis,differential scanning calorimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis,and the characteristic spectra and data of different fibers were obtained.The combination of multiple methods could realize the identification of PE fibers,PP fibers and PTFE fibers.
In order to solve the adhesion problem in the production of polyolefin elastomer(POE)spun-bonded nonwovens,the key factors affecting the quality of POE spun-bonded nonwovens were studied through optimizing and improving the raw materials,spun-bonded equipment and spun-bonded process.The results showed that,through optimizing and improving the raw materials,spun-bonded equipment and spun-bonded process,the polypropylene(PP)addition was reduced from 8%to 3%,and the elongation of the products was increased significantly from 248%to 368%,the elastic recovery rate was significantly increased from 23%to 76%.
为促进纸尿裤面层材料的进一步开发,从纸尿裤面层材料的功能性入手,综述速渗干爽、消臭除异味、抗菌护肤、柔软舒适等 4 项主要功能的研究意义和开发技术,指出现有技术的不足,分析研究价值和发展方向,最后对未来纸尿裤功能面层材料的开发做出展望,认为未来纸尿裤面层应向着多功能化、智能化、安全绿色、环保可降解等方向不断迈进.
为进一步优化底网针刺造纸毛毯的结构设计,提高造纸毛毯的滤水速率,分析底网针刺造纸毛毯表层植绒纤维线密度以及底网经纱密度变化对造纸毛毯滤水速率的影响;使用逐步回归分析法,得到毛毯的滤水模型,分析造纸毛毯滤水速率与结构参数间的关系.试验结果表明:底网针刺造纸毛毯的滤水通道主要由纤维层间线密度由小到大排列的纤维网、底网经纱间的缝隙以及由空刺整理带来的垂直方向纤维组成;其他结构参数相同条件下,底网针刺造纸毛毯的滤水速率与表层植绒纤维线密度呈正相关,与底网经纱密度呈负相关;表层植绒纤维线密度对底网针刺造纸毛毯滤水速率的影响大于近纸面一侧底网经纱密度的影响.
为探究柱纱弯曲程度对三维机织间隔复合材料(3DWSC)压缩稳定性的影响,采用手糊成型工艺将环氧树脂与三维机织间隔织物进行复合,并在其固化成型前对材料进行压缩预定型,制备了 4 种不同厚度即4 种柱纱弯曲程度的三维机织间隔复合材料.探究了柱纱弯曲程度对 3DWSC平压性能、平压破坏模式及疲劳性能的影响.结果表明,随着柱纱弯曲程度的增大,3DWSC的平压强度先降低后提升,柱纱的破坏模式由脆性断裂和失稳逐渐转变为屈服破坏,3DWSC的疲劳性能下降.
超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维拥有优异的力学性能,但其模量高、弹性低的特性使得UHMWPE织物硬挺且延展性差.为增强UHMWPE织物的延展性,拓宽UHMWPE的应用面,对UHMWPE/氨纶(PU)包覆纱的制备工艺进行研究.采用 2.22 tex/9 f(20 den/9 f)的UHMWPE长丝纱为外包纱、1.67 tex(15 den)单根PU长丝为芯纱,制备UHMWPE/PU包覆纱.使用正交法设计试验,探究了包覆捻度、PU伸长倍数及卷绕率对UHMWPE/PU包覆纱断裂强力、断裂伸长率及弹性回复率的影响,使用UHMWPE/PU包覆纱织造纬平针织物探究其可编织性.结果表明:包覆捻度、PU伸长倍数及卷绕率对UHMWPE/PU包覆纱断裂强力、断裂伸长率及弹性回复率有显著影响,UHMWPE/PU包覆纱的制备工艺可根据应用场景及需求进行选择.UHMWPE/PU包覆纱具有较好的弹性与力学性能,所制备的UHMWPE/PU纬平针织物具有极好的延展性.
利用蚕丝纤维制备丝素蛋白溶液并对涤纶织物进行涂层处理,然后采用高温乙醇对织物进行后整理以提高丝素涂层牢度.整理后织物表面形态发生改变,呈现出真丝织物的特性.研究结果表明,丝素蛋白溶液涂层处理后织物的厚度基本不变,吸湿性、透气性等服用性能大幅提高,仿真丝效果优良.此外,在丝素蛋白溶液涂层处理过程中添加天竺葵精油,可赋予织物更多的功能.
采用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)作为溶剂,热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为溶质,聚烯烃系纤维(ES)热风非织造材料作为接收基材,通过无针静电纺丝技术制备TPU/PVP 静电纺纳米纤维膜,并与接收基材复合形成具有一定孔径梯度和亲疏水性差异的复合面层.探究纳米纤维膜的表面微观形貌、孔径,复合面层的透气性能、单向导水性能、结合牢度,以及组装纸尿裤的尿液下渗速度、尿液扩散长度和尿液回渗量.结果表明:当混合纺丝液中TPU和PVP质量分数均为 8%时,复合面层的综合性能最佳.其结合牢度最佳,20 次摩擦后面积损失率仅为 1.44%;单向导水性能优异,累计单向传递指数可达 624.63%;用该复合面层组装的纸尿裤的防尿液反渗性能强,尿液回渗量低(约 0.05 g),面层干爽性出色.
芳纶纤维混合悬浮液在水中的分散性对高性能芳纶纸成纸性能及力学性能至关重要.采用聚苯硫醚(PPS)纤维浆粕和芳纶Ⅲ短切纤维为原料,通过湿法抄造及热压的方式制备芳纶Ⅲ/PPS复合纸.重点研究PPS浆粕纤维的直径和打浆程度对芳纶Ⅲ/PPS悬浮液的分散性、复合纸的成纸性能和纸张强度的影响.结果表明,当PPS浆粕纤维直径为6～10μm、打浆程度为额外负载3 kg和打浆时间为15 min时,芳纶Ⅲ/PPS混和悬浮液有良好的分散性且成纸强度高.研究揭示了PPS浆粕纤维形态影响芳纶纤维混合悬浮液的机制,同时为高性能芳纶纸的制备奠定了理论基础.
通过热重分析法研究了N2气氛下聚醚砜/碳纤维/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PES/CF/PET)纤维混杂层压复合材料及三维针刺复合材料在不同升温速率下的热解过程,并通过Kissinger法得到了分解阶段的表观活化能和指前因子;通过锥形量热测试分析了2种复合材料在不同火灾环境下的燃烧特性.结果表明:升温速率对2种复合材料的热解过程均产生了影响,且对层压复合材料的影响较大.随着热辐射强度的增大,2种复合材料的热释放速率、产烟速率、总产热量、总产烟量均增大,但三维针刺复合材料的这些参数始终高于层压复合材料,表明其火灾危险性更大.总体而言,针刺工艺会对PES/CF/PET纤维混杂复合材料的热解及燃烧特性产生较大影响.
当前我国水环境污染问题十分严峻.印染行业是重点用水行业,如何从源头预防废水产生,减少能量消耗,实现全过程清洁生产是一项刻不容缓的工作.针对纺织业的绿色发展实际,结合文献调研,通过分析清洁生产的工艺流程与节能、节水的关系,提出棉织物生产过程中的清洁生产举措,指出污染物的无害化处理和废弃物资源化的综合利用将是未来的重点研究方向.
聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(PPTA)纤维具有高强高模、耐高温及轻质等优点,广泛应用于国防安全、航天航空、交通运输和光纤光缆等领域.但PPTA纤维极易发生紫外光老化降解,对其进行防紫外改性可提高其在户外环境下的使用寿命.综述了PPTA纤维的光老化机制,并着重介绍了PPTA纤维的防紫外改性研究进展,其中化学改性方法易使PPTA纤维力学性能下降,物理改性方法则对设备要求较高,尚需探究无损化、低成本的防紫外改性产业化方法.
通过热压工艺将3种商业化镀银针织物(经绒镀银织物、经平镀银织物、双罗纹镀银织物)电极布与泡沫结合,制备泡沫/镀银针织物复合干电极,并评价复合干电极的电气性能及肌电监测性能.研究结果显示:布面平整且厚重的经绒泡沫/镀银针织物复合干电极的方阻、交流阻抗及皮肤-电极接触阻抗值均最小,其电气性能优于其他2种泡沫/镀银针织物复合干电极;3种泡沫/镀银针织物复合干电极均能分辨不同肌力下的肌电信号,且在哑铃锤式弯举测试中,它们的肌电监测性能与传统电极相当,表明泡沫/镀银针织物复合干电极能够用于日常动态肌电监测.
采用静电纺丝技术,以四氢呋喃/N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(THF/DMF)为混合溶剂制备多孔聚苯乙烯(PS)微纳米纤维滤膜.系统探讨了PS质量分数、混合溶剂配比及纤维膜厚度对PS微纳米纤维形貌及滤膜过滤效率和过滤阻力的影响.结果表明:随着混合溶剂中THF质量分数的增加,纤维的平均直径逐渐增大,分布在0.8～7.8μm,纤维表面呈现出密集的多孔结构,纤维膜的过滤阻力显著减低.在PS质量分数为15％,THF/DMF溶剂质量配比为90/10,纤维膜厚度为(273±4)μm的条件下,纤维膜对NaCl气溶胶和DOP气溶胶的过滤效率分别为99.08％和96.97％,过滤阻力分别为105.8和116.3 Pa,品质因子分别为0.0443和0.0301 Pa-1,可应用于空气过滤材料领域.
