This study examines the relationship of financial risk and earnings management in firms undertaking initial public offerings (IPOs) in Thailand and Singapore between 2010 and 2019, a period spanning between the H1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics. Financial risk is categorized into three types: credit risk, liquidity risk, and operational risk. The analysis utilizes structural equation modeling, comprising 622 firm-year observations across four periods: one year before the IPO (T-1), the IPO year (T), one year after the IPO (T+1), and two years after the IPO (T+2). The findings indicate that IPOs have no direct effect on earnings management in any period for either country. However, an indirect effect is observed for Singapore at T-1, where IPOs are associated with increased accrual-based earnings management mediated by credit risk. No indirect effect is found for Thailand across the four periods.
This study explores the dynamics in understanding among local communities concerning corporate social responsibility (CSR) between 2019 and 2023. The primary objective of this study is to assess the extent to which communities understand the meaning of CSR and how this understanding affects their level of satisfaction with CSR activities conducted by companies operating within the Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate Area, Rayong province. The study sample comprises community residents within the Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate Area, living close to 20 companies. Each year, approximately 1,120 samples were collected. This resulted in a total of5,590 samples over a five-year period from 2019 to 2023. Descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. The findings demonstrate that community members are likely to exhibit changes in their understanding of CSR. Furthermore, their understanding of CSR correlates with the level of satisfaction expressed within the community toward CSR.
This study employed a mixed-methods research design that integrated quantitative and qualitative data collection in order to capture, in a comprehensive manner, the dynamic relationship between gender roles and the developmental trajectory of local communities. The quantitative component was conducted through a questionnaire constructed on the basis of conceptual frameworks concerning institutional roles, gender, and development, with respondents drawn from residents of Naton Subdistrict, Thailand who had participated in local development activities or projects. The reliability of the research instrument was examined using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, together with tests for multicollinearity to confirm the stability of the independent variables in the quantitative model. The qualitative component consisted of in-depth interviews with key informants, including local council members, community leaders, and women who play significant roles in community development initiatives. The qualitative informants and the quantitative respondents were not drawn from an identical pool, a design intended to enhance the diversity of perspectives and reduce potential data bias. Qualitative analysis drew on inductive thematic extraction, institutional interpretation, and triangulation with the quantitative results so as to generate findings that are both analytically rich and coherently linked.
Despite the establishment of multiple anti-corruption agencies, Thailand continues to experience persistent corruption, particularly in the public sector, raising critical concerns about the institutional effectiveness of its anti-corruption framework. This study employs a qualitative comparative analysis of anti-corruption agencies in Thailand, Singapore, and Hong Kong, aiming to identify institutional factors that account for their differential success in combating corruption. The research utilizes data sourced from official reports addressing legal mandates, institutional autonomy, and resource allocation to systematically assess key determinants of agency effectiveness. Findings reveal that Singapore’s CPIB and Hong Kong’s ICAC consistently outperform Thailand’s NACC and PACC, as reflected by superior rankings in international anticorruption indices and lower corruption prevalence. The superior institutional effectiveness of CPIB and ICAC is attributed to three principal factors. First, the CPIB and ICAC operate under broad legal mandates encompassing public and private sectors, reinforced by stringent penalties, whereas the NACC and PACC maintain narrower mandates focused predominantly on publicsector corruption and impose comparatively lenient sanctions. Second, the CPIB and ICAC benefit from greater institutional independence, enabling operational autonomy with minimal political interference, while Thailand’s agencies encounter significant constraints. Third, the CPIB and ICAC exhibit enhanced operational capacity characterized by sufficient resource allocation and manageable caseloads, in contrast to the resource shortages and excessive workloads facing the NACC. To strengthen Thailand’s anti-corruption institutions, this study recommends expanding agency jurisdiction, intensifying legal penalties, reinforcing institutional independence, and addressing resource deficiencies.
In a world shaped by rapid scientific and technological advancements, cultivating mindfulness, wisdom, and virtue is essential for navigating societal changes effectively. T his study utilized a mixed-method research design, with 3 objectives, namely: 1. to collect, analyze, and synthesize the knowledge on mindfulness, wisdom, and virtue according to Buddhist Principles and Modern Science, 2. to develop mindfulness, wisdom, and virtue indicators according to Buddhist-based principles, and 3. to evaluate the quality of mindfulness, wisdom, and virtue indicators according to Buddhist-based principles. The qualitative design included a documentary study, in-depth interviews with 7 key informants, and a focus group discussion with 8 education specialists. The quantitative component surveyed 375 Buddhist students from Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University (MCU) and Mahamakut Buddhist University (MBU). The 5 Content Validity Index (CVI) and Item Objective Congruence (IOC) experts examined interview forms and questionnaires. Data analysis utilized descriptive and inferential statistics to ensure accuracy and reliability. The findings highlighted that mindfulness (sati) helped people stay present and emotionally balanced, wisdom (paññā) improved problem-solving and adaptability, and virtue (sīla or guṇa-dhamma) encouraged ethical behavior and responsibility. A total of 39 key indicators were developed under three main components: mindfulness, wisdom, and virtue rooted in the Threefold Training (tisikkha), with thirteen sub-components, aligning with Buddhist teachings and modern science. The students strongly agreed on the importance of these qualities in daily life. Experts emphasized that measuring these traits should focus on real-life actions rather than self-reported opinions.
