The contributions in this issue illustrate the broad scope of the journal. It covers teaching in business ethics, medical ethics, humanities, environmental studies and bioethics. Reported studies are from Ethiopia, Nigeria, Morocco, Australia and New Zealand, UnitedKingdom, Greece and the United States.Moreover, contributions discuss various methodologies such as team-teaching and the use of cinema. Given the current pandemic of Covid-19 it was expected that scholars will examine the impact of the global infectious disease on education. In this issue,Mohamed Abioui and colleagues point out that lockdown measures led to closure of schools and universities in most countries across the globe, with the result that students and teachers are confined at home. To guarantee continuity of education, distance learning is promoted, but as the authors show, especially in the Global South this is not a viable option, for example because access to electricity is lacking. Even in the Global North, when technical facilities are available, online learning is problematic especially when the entire family is sheltering at home. Since teachers can pay less attention to individual pupils, existing inequalities are reinforced. In general, Abioui and colleagues conclude that nothing can replace the face to face interaction between teacher and students (Abioui et al. 2020) It is therefore understandable that there is pressure to reopen schools as soon as possible. However, reopening without sufficient precautions will risk to reignite the dissemination of the virus. This risk is real as is illustrated in the case of several universities that have started in-person classes but had to discontinue them because of resurgence of infections. Even if it is argued that young people are suffering less fromCovid-19, there still is the need to protect the teachers. Government efforts to reopen schools and universities should therefore be associated with adequate public health measures such as rapid testing, face masks and physical distancing. Besides the impact of Covid-19 on education, another question concerns the potential significance of education for the pandemic. As long as there is no efficient vaccine or adequate therapy, public health interventions will much depend on education and information of the general public. It is striking that in countries with highly educated populations fake news and misconceptions circulate widely. For example, in the International Journal of Ethics Education https://doi.org/10.1007/s40889-020-00102-2
Facial reconstruction is an art and science in the field of forensics which involves construction of a recognizable face on unknown skull remains. It appears as a, metaphorically speaking “shining beacon of hope” after everything else fails for identification of the remains. Both, 2D and 3D methods of facial reconstruction have been developed for this process. The database of facial soft tissue thickness based on gender, ethnicity and age, at certain bilateral and unilateral anatomical points on skull bones, lay foundation to the process of reanimating the facial profile of a deceased. Several imaging modalities have been used for the collection of this data, in addition to the cadavers and various guidelines have been given for the reconstruction of the soft tissues, however, to construct soft tissue structures like nose, eyes, mouth and ears which take an important position in determination of the facial features is still a tedious task. This process is being researched since a century and multiple guidelines for reconstruction of the soft tissue structures are available. The face plays out based on the method used; hence selection of an appropriate method is vital. This review encompasses the various methods/guidelines derived for the reconstruction of the nose, eyes, mouth and ears of the face. In addition to the traditional methods given by Gerasimov, Krogman, Prokopec and Ubelaker, George, etc. other newer methods have been mentioned. This review also highlights assessment studies performed using the said methods in populations other than the ones they were derived from.
Euthanasia is a recently talked topic now a days in India. Few societies like Jainism etc. practicing santhara/ salekhana/ ichhamaran as of now embodied in passive euthanasia permitted by Supreme Court of India on 3 rd March, 2018 to a person who is above the age of 18 years. Various types of euthanasia are there but only Passive euthanasia will be permitted as per law to terminally ill patients who give advance medical directives to treating doctor to end his life in a dignified manner. Advance medical directions given by the patient should clearly mention under which circumstances passive euthanasia (removing life support from patient but palliative care may be continued) should be administered by following legal formalities.
The criminal law amendment act 2012 has expanded the definitionof sexual assault and recognised right to the treatment for allsurvivor/victims of sexual assault by the public and private healthcare facilities. The ministry of health and family welfare releaseduniform guideline for medico-legal care of victims of sexualviolence. This paper highlights some of important provision of lawand recent changes in examination of victim of sexual violence,which is applicable to all registered medical practitioner practicingeither in public or private sector.
The incidences of sudden death are approximately 10 % of all death. In this study total 50 cases of sudden death were observed. Most of the sudden deaths were in 41 to 60 years of age with male predominance. Cardiovascular causes were the main causes among all sudden deaths contributing 58% of total sudden deaths. Coronary artery disease was the most common cause of not only cardiovascular deaths but also of all sudden deathscontributing 40% of total deaths and about 70% of cardiovascular sudden deaths.
