An experiment was conducted in the research field of College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, during 2019-20 to study the effect of different colour mulches, fertigation levels and levels of irrigation on growth and yield of pigeonpea. Two levels of fertigation (75% RDF and 100% RDF), three levels of irrigation (60% ET, 80%ET and 100% ET) and three color plastic mulches (white, silver, black and control) were the treatments. All the parameters like plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, chlorophyll content, soil moisture and soil temperature at surface and at 10 cm depth, leaf area index, harvest index, number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, test weight, seed yield, dry matter production recorded highest in the white mulch with 100 per cent RDF and 100 per cent ET. The maximum seed yield (2161.69kg ha-1) was recorded with 100 per cent RDF. Lowest seed yield (2001.48 kg ha-1) was observed with the application of 75 per cent RDF. Drip irrigation at 100 per cent ET produced significantly maximum yield (2302.88 kg ha-1) and minimum yield was recorded in 60 per cent ET (2161.38 kg ha-1). Among plastic colour mulches, white plastic mulch produced significantly maximum yield (2384 kg ha-1). While minimum yield was recorded in the control treatment (2001.57kg ha-1).Water use efficiency was found to b emaximum in 100 per cent RDF, 100 per cent ET and white plastic mulch (5.71 kg ha-1 mm-1). Nitrogen and phosphorous use efficiency was 111.01% and 55.5%, respectively in 100 per cent RDF, 100 per cent ET and white plastic mulch.
A field experiment was carried out with 100 diverse indigenous genotypes of bread wheat along with four checks in Augmented Block Design for genetic variability, character association and divergence analysis, divided in to 6 blocks of equal size. Each block had 20 plots of test entries along with 4 checks (viz. NW-2036, DBW-14, NW-1014 and NW-1076). The trial was conducted at Main Experimental Station Research Farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during Rabi 2019-20. The observations were recorded on eleven quantitative characters viz. days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, flag leaf area, spike length, number of spikelet per spike, test weight/(1000-grain weight), grain yield per plant, biological yield per plant and harvest index. Results revealed that 96 indigenous lines and 4 check varieties of wheat were grouped into eleven distinct clusters by using nonhierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis. It indicated the existence of high degree of genetic diversity present in the varieties/lines. Therefore, these varieties/lines may serve as valuable source for selection of diverse parents. The maximum intra-cluster distance was found for cluster IX followed by cluster III and cluster II. The minimum intra-cluster distance was recorded for cluster IV followed by cluster I and cluster II. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between clusters IX and V, followed by cluster IX and IV, cluster VIII and V. The lowest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster VIII and VI followed by cluster VI and I, cluster IX and VI. Hence, crosses should be made between these widely related genotypes located in intra and inter cluster distances, to get desirable extent of heterotic potential in order to increase the production and productivity of wheat in North Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh.
Due to lack of awareness of Pithecellobium dulce and being an underutilized crop, very few investigations have been done on it of which it has been proved to be a very good source for nutraceuticals and anti-oxidants having a great potential to be used in medicinal and food purposes. Keeping this in view the aril powder was incorporated in the multigrain pasta. Owing to high sugar content and acidic nature, to prevent browning of the arils during the drying process, the arils are subjected to blanching and 0.5% KMS, 1% KMS and 1% Ascorbic Acid pretreatments, among which 0.5% KMS treatment is observed to produce a visually preferable color. Drying is carried out at 75 ℃ for 4 hours, followed which the arils are subjected to comminution for development of the powder with particle size 300μ. Chemical analysis after incorporation into the product proves the 10% camachile fruit powder to have higher content of ash, crude fiber and protein i.e. 5%, 3.5% and 7% respectively along with organoleptic overall acceptability of the product with a scoring rate of 6.5-7.5% thus indicating its successful utilization in convenience foods.
Dietary fibre constitutes a mixture of chemical entities which includes non-digestible carbohydrate, lignin and other associated substances of plant origin, fibres of animal origin and modified or synthetic non-digestible carbohydrate polymers. Chevon rolls are made using dried apple pomace (DAP) at 2, 4 and 6% levels and corn bran (CB) at 3, 6 and 9% levels. Combinations of DAP and CB were also tried. DAP at 6% level, CB at 3% level and their combination (DAP +CB) at 2% + 3% levels were found to be organoleptically acceptable and selected for further study. Addition of fibre resulted in a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in moisture and protein content while no significant difference was found in fat and ash content. Crude fibre content increased significantly in treated rolls and highest crude fibre content (1.68%) was noticed in rolls containing DAP. pH decreased signifi cantly in rolls containing DAP and its combination. Water holding capacity and emulsion stability of chevon rolls increased significantly as a result of fibre incorporation which also resulted in a significant increase in cooking yield. Polyphenolic content increased in fiubre enriched rolls and highest polyphenolic content of 49.22 mg/100 g was found in DAP added chevon rolls. It is concluded that organoleptically acceptable and health enhancing chevon rolls enriched with dietary fibre and antioxidants like polyphenols can be prepared by using different ditary fibres.
An investigation was conducted with nine diverse parents to develop thirty-six F1’s and F2’s by using half-diallel mating design to estimate heterosis and inbreeding depression for fruit yield and its components in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.]. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among parents, F1’s and F2’s for all the characters studied. High heterosis for fruit yield per plant was reflected through high heterosis for number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit girth and average fruit weight in most of crosses. High magnitude of heterobeltiosis for fruit yield per plant was recorded in the cross, Arka Bahar x Santosh followed by Punjab Long x Santosh, Punjab Long x NDBG-15, Punjab Long x JBOGL-01-42 and Punjab Long x JBGL-43. The highest standard heterosis for fruit yield per plant was registered by the cross Arka Bahar x Santosh followed by Punjab Long x Santosh, Punjab Long x NDBG-15, NDBG-15 x Santosh and Punjab Long x JBGL-43. Two crosses viz., JBOGL-01-42 x PBOG-88 and Aruna x Santosh exhibited significant and lowest inbreeding depression for fruit yield per plant. The crosses with high heterotic values for fruit yield per plant and its important attributes also showed high inbreeding depression. The cross combinations, Arka Bahar x Santosh and Punjab Long x Santosh were the most promising cross combinations for fruit yield per plant, on the basis of their high heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis in both F1 and F2 generations and thus, can be utilized effectively in the breeding programme.
