Natural plant-derived materials are increasingly investigated for bone tissue engineering because they combine renewability, structural tunability, and compatibility with biomimetic scaffold design. This study mapped the publication status, intellectual base, and emerging themes of the field through a bibliometric analysis of Web of Science Core Collection records published from 1996 to 2026. The expanded search retrieved 2,198 records; after eligibility screening, 2,024 articles and reviews were retained. Annual output remained limited before 2011, increased after 2012, and accelerated after 2017, reaching 198 publications in 2025, while 152 publications had already been indexed for the partial year of 2026. After Taiwan was merged with China for country-level analyses, China was the largest publication center, followed by the United States, India, Iran, and South Korea. The University of Minho was the most productive institution, and International Journal of Biological Macromolecules was the leading publication source. Cocitation and keyword analyses indicate that the field is grounded in scaffold architecture, biomineralization, cellulose and nanocellulose, bacterial cellulose, natural polymer composites, and systems for bone regeneration and localized delivery. Recent bursts in antibacterial materials, three-dimensional printing, scaffolds, bone repair, and alginate point toward multifunctional, manufacturable, and clinically adaptable platforms. These findings provide an updated knowledge map and identify priorities for sustainable and translational bone-regeneration strategies. Impact Statement Natural plant-derived materials are increasingly positioned as sustainable building blocks for bone tissue engineering, yet the field remains fragmented across biomaterials, polymer science, nanotechnology, and regenerative medicine. This bibliometric study maps the global evolution, intellectual structure, and emerging directions of research on plant-derived materials for bone regeneration from 1996 to 2026. By identifying the central roles of cellulose-based materials, biomineralized composites, scaffold architecture, localized delivery, antibacterial design, and additive manufacturing, this work clarifies how the field is shifting from passive structural matrices toward multifunctional and clinically adaptable regenerative platforms. The findings provide researchers with an evidence-based knowledge map to guide material selection, scaffold design, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the translation of renewable bio-based materials into effective bone-repair strategies.
Collagen fiber organization is critical to the biomechanical function of musculoskeletal tissues. This has motivated increased interest in tissue engineering strategies aiming to recapitulate native collagen architecture in order to generate more biomimetic grafts. In particular, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a powerful biofabrication platform capable of generating patient-specific constructs containing cells, supporting biomaterials, and diverse regulatory factors (e.g., genes, proteins, and small molecules). This paper will review how emerging bioprinting strategies can also be used to provide spatially defined external and/or internal biophysical cues to cells, thereby modulating their phenotype and the organization of the extracellular matrix they produce in culture. Furthermore, we will explore how postbioprinting interventions such as temporal enzymatic treatments and mechanical stimulation can be used to further promote cell and collagen alignment, matrix remodeling, and tissue maturation. Together, these approaches hold significant promise for the development of next-generation grafts for the treatment of diverse musculoskeletal injuries.
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, with its core pathological basis being impaired aqueous humor outflow and elevated intraocular pressure due to trabecular meshwork (TM) dysfunction. The structural and functional stability of the TM largely depends on the regulation of TM cells. Mitochondria, as the cellular energy and metabolic hub, play a crucial role in maintaining energy supply, extracellular matrix homeostasis, and cell survival in TM cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that mitochondrial homeostasis imbalance is a key factor in TM cell damage and functional decline, yet no comprehensive review has been published in this field. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarizes the mechanisms of mitochondrial involvement in TM cell dysfunction for the first time. It covers mitochondrial metabolic imbalance, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dynamics disorder, autophagy abnormalities, and mitochondrial genetic and epigenetic regulation. This review aims to reveal the central role of mitochondria in the pathological changes of TM cells and provide new insights and theoretical foundations for future research and intervention strategies.
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a promising strategy for engineering biomimetic constructs capable of supporting regeneration of the dental pulp-dentin complex. However, the rapidly expanding literature is methodologically heterogeneous and difficult to synthesize. This scoping review aimed to map the current evidence on cell-laden 3D bioprinting approaches relevant to dental pulp regeneration, focusing on bioink composition, cellular components, printing modalities, experimental models, and reported regenerative outcomes. The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and was reported according to the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus from database inception to December 2025. Following screening of 143 records and assessment of 23 full-text articles, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. All included studies were preclinical investigations published between 2018 and 2026. Extrusion-based bioprinting was the most frequently used modality, followed by digital light processing systems. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) was the predominant bioink base and was commonly combined with collagen, hyaluronic acid, fibrin, or dentin-derived extracellular matrix components. Human dental pulp stem cells were the most frequently used cell source, often cocultured with endothelial cells to promote vascularization. Most studies evaluated cell viability, printability, and odontogenic differentiation, whereas angiogenic outcomes were less consistently assessed, and neurogenic outcomes were rarely investigated. Overall, cell-laden 3D bioprinted constructs demonstrate promising feasibility for supporting early regenerative processes relevant to dental pulp regeneration. However, substantial heterogeneity in bioink formulations, experimental models, and outcome reporting currently limits cross-study comparison and translational interpretation. Greater standardization of experimental reporting and the use of anatomically relevant models will be essential to advance the clinical translation of bioprinted constructs for regenerative endodontics.Impact Statement3D bioprinting enables spatially controlled deposition of cells and biomaterials, providing a promising strategy for engineering biomimetic constructs capable of regenerating the dental pulp-dentin complex. This scoping review synthesizes current preclinical evidence on cell-laden bioprinting approaches for dental pulp regeneration, including bioink formulations, cellular components, printing modalities, and experimental models. By mapping the existing evidence and identifying key gaps in vascularization strategies, neurogenic outcomes, and model relevance, this review highlights critical priorities for future research and provides a framework to guide the development and translational advancement of bioprinted constructs for regenerative endodontic therapies.
