Vascular stents, serving as a cornerstone in the interventional treatment of cardiovascular diseases, had undergone rapid technological evolution and accumulation of clinical evidence. To systematically deconstruct the global research landscape, collaborative networks, and knowledge development pathways, we conducted a bibliometric and visual analysis of 5322 relevant articles (2015–2025) from the Web of Science Core Collection using VOSviewer and CiteSpace. The results showed that the annual publication growth had entered a plateau phase characterized by deepening integration, with the paradigm transitioning from discrete technological iteration toward system integration. Besides, keyword clustering identified four major research pillars including precision decision-making in revascularization, material innovation, personalized antiplatelet therapy, and evaluation based on clinical evidence. Notably, the intersection of materials science and biology (e.g., biodegradable polymers, immunomodulatory coatings) was the key driver of cutting-edge advancements. We further pointed out that future breakthroughs would depend on the deep integration of biodegradable smart materials, artificial intelligence-empowered precision intervention, and dynamic management based on real-world data. Therefore, we believe that the constructed knowledge graph and the proposed paradigm transition framework clarify the developmental trajectory and provide an evidence-based roadmap for future innovation.
Rapid global aging has intensified the cardiovascular disease burden, making clinical prediction models (CPMs) crucial for risk stratification and management of elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), yet the knowledge structure of this field remains insufficiently characterized. Literature published up to November 14, 2025, was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, and Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace were used to analyze annual publication trends, core contributors, collaboration networks, cocited references, and keyword clusters. A total of 3,899 articles were included. From 2007 to 2025, annual publications increased from 98 to 281, with an average annual growth rate of 6.03%, peaking at 303 articles in 2022. The United States was the most productive country (1,419 articles), Harvard Medical School the leading institution (130 articles), and Krumholz HM the most prolific author (52 articles). Research hotspots concentrated on mortality and prognostic risk prediction, models associated with clinical interventions (particularly those related to percutaneous coronary intervention), and machine learning applications; since 2018, the research frontier has evolved toward intelligent technologies. Research on CPMs in elderly ACS thus shows stable and continuous growth, with a shift from traditional statistical methods toward intelligent and individualized approaches. Future priorities include externally validated models incorporating geriatric-specific variables, multicenter validation in real-world settings, and standardized comparisons of modeling approaches. The mapped evidence also informs regenerative cardiology, in which validated prediction models are needed to select elderly patients for emerging tissue engineering and regenerative interventions. Bibliometric mapping characterizes publication patterns and knowledge structures but cannot by itself establish model quality or clinical benefit.
Artificial ovary construction requires a biocompatible scaffold that mimics native extracellular matrix. This study developed a novel decellularization technique combining physical preconditioning (freeze-thaw cycle, multipoint needling, and 10% NaCl hypertonic solution) with shortened chemical detergent exposure (0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1% Triton X-100, and 2% sodium deoxycholate) for intact porcine ovaries. Compared to conventional chemical-only decellularization, the novel method better preserved glycosaminoglycan and collagen content, induced smaller changes in tissue elastic modulus, and supported higher granulosa cell fusion density in vitro. After subcutaneous implantation in mice, the novel scaffolds promoted greater cell infiltration and neovascularization, while triggering a lower M1-macrophage response. These results demonstrate that integrating physical steps enhances decellularization efficiency and biocompatibility, offering a promising strategy for generating functional ovarian bioscaffolds.
Structural protein alignment plays a vital role in determining the mechanical function and biological performance of engineered tissues. During tissue remodeling, alignment of fibrous components such as collagen and actin can evolve with cellular forces and geometric constraints. Previously, we developed a polarized Raman spectroscopy (PRS) technique that provides a nondestructive, label-free method to quantify protein alignment in tissues and hydrated constructs. Spectral data are analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) to compute an amplitude alignment metric (AAM), reflecting molecular orientation. In this study, we employed PRS to quantify the spatiotemporal evolution of protein alignment in myoblast-seeded collagen constructs over a 5-day incubation period. Raman spectra were collected at seven polarization angles (0°-180°) across three defined regions-middle center (MC), middle edge (ME), and corner edge (CE)-on days 1, 2, and 5. PRS suggested a region-dependent temporal redistribution of alignment patterns, with early higher alignment at MC and later increased alignment at CE. On day 1, MC exhibited the highest alignment (AAM = 0.71 ± 0.38), while CE showed minimal organization (0.16 ± 0.23). By day 5, alignment was highest at CE (0.62 ± 0.28), while MC decreased (0.57 ± 0.36), indicating a spatial redistribution of matrix organization. There were significant main effects of region and region-by-time interaction, highlighting location- and time-dependent realignment. Within the CE region, alignment on days 2 and 5 was significantly higher than on day 1, consistent with delayed but sustained peripheral alignment. Qualitative immunofluorescence imaging provided complementary visualization of increasing fiber density and directional organization over time. Together, these findings show that PRS, with PCA-based spectral analysis, can detect early spatial and temporal changes in molecular anisotropy within myoblast-seeded collagen constructs. The observed region-dependent alignment changes are consistent with the combined influence of cellular contractility, boundary constraints, and matrix remodeling. Future studies with matched acellular controls and broader remodeling stages and construct conditions will help clarify matrix-associated contributions to PRS-derived alignment during engineered tissue maturation.
