This paper examines whether a mass shooting altered hotel-market outcomes in a tourism destination. We use the October 1, 2017 Las Vegas shooting as an unexpected shock to perceived visitor safety and estimate its effect using monthly hotel data from 25 large U.S. markets and a synthetic difference-in-differences design. The analysis considers rooms rented, occupancy, average daily room rates, and hotel revenue. Although the baseline estimated effects are negative across all four outcomes, none are statistically significant. Robustness specifications using logged outcomes and year-over-year differences provide some evidence of a decline in hotel revenue. Dynamic estimates indicate a statistically significant decline in rooms rented during the first post-treatment quarter, although this result is sensitive to the treatment of seasonality. These findings illustrate the importance of accounting for seasonality and hotel-market trends when interpreting raw declines following a destination crisis. Hotel-class-specific estimates suggest that adverse effects were concentrated among higher-class hotels.
We investigate how the clustering of public holidays affects domestic tourism and outbound travel by Korean nationals. When travel carries a trip-start fixed cost, contiguous non-working days spread this cost over a longer stay, so holiday structure affects both whether a trip is taken and how long it lasts. Because departures can stay unchanged while time abroad rises, we distinguish departure flows from a measure of travel exposure that behaves like a stock, based on the monthly average number of Korean nationals outside Korea. Using administrative immigration records and survey panel data with calendar-driven variation in holiday timing, we find that additional non-working days raise domestic overnight travel, with larger point estimates for longer holiday blocks. Estimates for overnight expenditure are positive but statistically insignificant, and the outbound response appears mainly in departure timing. Expanding public holidays can support domestic tourism with only modest effects on outbound travel.
This critical integrative review examines how the cost-of-living crisis reshapes sustainable tourism through economic pressure, public health, climate policy, community resilience, and socio-cultural wellbeing. We systematically screened Scopus records published from 2020 onward and analysed a final corpus of 71 Q1/Q2 journal articles using qualitative interpretation, topic modelling, semantic-network analysis, and visualization. Five themes emerged: tourism-related economic disruption and policy response; public health and education in crisis contexts; global economic policy and climate change; community resilience, tourism, and housing; and socio-cultural wellbeing. The synthesis reveals not only thematic convergence but also consequential disconnections, especially the weak integration of climate education with tourism governance and the limited attention paid to distributional effects across places and stakeholder groups. We therefore develop a prescriptive, evidence-informed Cost-of-Living Resilience Roadmap that translates the review into diagnostic indicators, staged actions, and evaluation criteria for destinations and tourism organizations. The roadmap connects affordability, decent work, community wellbeing, climate capability, and adaptive governance while explicitly accounting for uncertainty and contextual variation. The study contributes an interdisciplinary explanation of how financial strain can weaken or redirect sustainability transitions, a transparent mixed analytical review design, and an operational framework for policy and practice.
This study investigates how social and occupational integration shape migrant entrepreneurship in Italy’s accommodation and restaurant sector, where tourism is a key economic driver. Using an original panel dataset covering 102 provinces (2013–2022), the analysis examines both direct and interaction effects of integration dimensions, accounting for international tourism expenditure. Results show that both social and occupational integration foster migrant entrepreneurship, although their effects are not complementary. Social integration emerges as the stronger determinant, amplified by tourism demand, while occupational integration is weaker and less consistent. Subsample analyses reveal gender and territorial heterogeneities: female entrepreneurship is more strongly linked to social integration and responsive to tourism demand, whereas occupational integration is more relevant for men. In low-density provinces, occupational integration loses significance, social integration remains key, and the negative effect of tourism expenditure is offset by its interaction with social integration.
