Translational medicine is an ecosystem, connecting a group of independent but interrelated stakeholders to promote advances in healthcare. It is comprised of patients, academic and industrial research and development professionals, commercialization teams, investment capital, regulatory agencies which enforce government policies, ethics and health insurance payers. These stakeholders often have conflicting goals and objectives and are operating within an evolving ethical framework. In today’s world that is so interconnected by technology, the new ideas and advances in healthcare echo across disciplines to create an extensive and interrelated system.
Blood banking is the process that takes place in the lab to make sure that donated blood, or blood products, are safe before they are used in blood transfusions and other medical procedures. Blood banking includes typing the blood for transfusion and testing for infectious diseases. Most blood donors are volunteers. However, sometimes, a patient may want to donate blood a couple of weeks before undergoing surgery, so that his or her blood is available in case of a blood transfusion
Anterior-posterior rhinoliquorhea can reveal several etiologies. We report a case of a patient with rhinoliquorhea of the left nasal cavity post-traumatic whose radiological exploration returned in favor of an osteomeningeal breach and whose surgical exploration by endoscopic nasal route showed a meningocele of the anterior part from the base of the skull. The breach was sealed with organic glue and abdominal fat and organic glue.
Drug repurposing or repositioning may be a technique whereby existing drugs are wont to treat emerging and challenging diseases, including COVID-19. Drug repurposing has become a promising approach due to the chance for reduced development timelines and overall costs. The artificial intelligence (AI) pioneers of the 1950s foresaw building machines that would sense, reason, and think like people—a proof-of-concept referred to as general AI. The increasing cost of drug development is thanks to the massive volume of compounds to be tested in preclinical stages and therefore the high proportion of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that don't find clinical benefits or with toxicity issues. This Review provides a robust rationale for using AI-based assistive tools for drug repurposing medications for human disease, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drug repurposing may be a convenient alternative when the necessity for brand spanking new drugs in an unexpected medical scenario is urgent, as is that the case of emerging pathogens. In recent years, approaches supported network biology have demonstrated to be superior to gene-centric ones. Mechanistic models of pathways provide a natural bridge from variations at the size of gene activity (transcription) to variations in phenotype (at the extent of cells, tissues, or organisms). Interestingly, the notion of causality provided by the mechanistic model of the COVID-19 disease map are often exploited beyond the own pathways modeled.
