We reviewed the available literature on the spectrum of bone and joint infection (BJI) pathogens and their drug resistance. A systematic search of publications was performed in the international PubMed database and the Russian scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU for the period of 2006-2026. The review included 79 studies containing data on the microbiological structure of BJI pathogens and antibacterial drug resistance rates in osteomyelitis, prosthetic joint infection, septic arthritis, and spondylodiscitis. The selection was performed in line with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines.Results. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, primarily Staphylococcus epidermidis, remain the leading BJIs pathogens, particularly in implant-associated infections. Gram-negative microorganisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, members of the order Enterobacterales, and polymicrobial associations, also play a significant role. An increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci, ESBL-producing, and carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria has been noted which substantially limits the options for empirical antibacterial therapy. The structure of BJI pathogens and their resistance profiles vary depending on the clinical forms of infection, geographical region, and diagnostic approach used. In some regions, a high prevalence of bone and joint tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis persists. This pathology is characterized by delayed diagnosis and high rates of drug resistance.
The objective: to evaluate the effect of combined use of a fluoroquinolone and bedaquiline on the QT interval length when added to chemotherapy regimens in children with multidrug-resistant respiratory tuberculosis.Subjects and Methods. A retrospective, selective comparative study (2018-2022) was conducted among two groups of children aged 6-12 years with multidrug-resistant respiratory tuberculosis: Main Group (MG) consisted of 13 children who received two drugs with a cardiotoxic effect (bedaquiline and a fluoroquinolone) in their chemotherapy regimen; while 13 children who received a chemotherapy regimen containing a fluoroquinolone only were included in Comparison Group (CG). During the study, a standard ECG was performed assessing the length of the QTс interval.Results. Prolongation of the QTс interval was a frequent (84.6%) adverse reaction (AR) in children from MG and it was observed statistically significantly less frequently (15.4%) in CG, p<0.001. The number of episodes of the QTс interval prolongation was also reported significantly more frequently in MD versus GS: 36 (23.8%) cases out of 151 examinations and 6 (4.2%) out of 144 examinations, respectively, χ2=23.367, p≤0.001. The range of deviations of the QTс interval from the reference value (440 ms) did not exceed 460 ms in MG in 28/36 (77.8%) episodes, in CG – in 6/6 (100%) episodes. Prolongation of the QTс interval from 461 ms and more was recorded only in MG – 8/36 (22.2%). And only 1/13 (7.7%) patient from MG had a prolongation of the QTс interval to 512 ms. In no case the prolongation of the QTс interval was accompanied by clinical symptoms; no electrolyte disturbances, changes in liver or kidney function, or paroxysmal rhythm disturbances were observed.
The objective: to study detection and clinical and radiological characteristics of tuberculosis in children and adolescents with malignant diseases.Subjects and Methods. Medical records of 105 children with respiratory tuberculosis (RTB) aged from 6 months to 17 years inclusive, examined in 2018–2025, were analyzed. Children were divided into two groups: Main Group (MG) – children with respiratory tuberculosis (RTB) and malignant neoplasms (MN) (52 patients) and Control Group (CG) – children with RTB and no MN (53 patients). Demographic characteristics, features of clinical manifestations and forms of respiratory tuberculosis of the patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results. In 73.1% (38/52) of cases, respiratory tuberculosis in children from MG was detected during the onset of malignant neoplasms or their treatment, in 17.3% (9/52) – at the stage of malignant neoplasm remission, in 9.6% – at the stage of post-tuberculosis changes in the form of calcifications in the intrathoracic lymph nodes prior to development of malignant neoplasms. In MG, tuberculosis was detected in 59.6% (31/52) of patients with hemoblastoses and 40.4% (21/52) of patients with malignant neoplasms of solid organs. In children from MG, tuberculosis was detected in 21.2% (11/52) of cases based on the results of immunodiagnostics and in 78.8% (41/52) when they referred for help with complaints. In children from MG, the course of respiratory tuberculosis was characterized by a widespread disease (78.8%, 41/52) and development of bronchopulmonary complications (80.8%, 42/52). Among children with hemoblastoses, generalized or disseminated forms of tuberculosis were in 32.3% (10/31) of cases, in children with malignant neoplasms of solid organs – in 9.5% (2/21). The incidence of lesions of central nervous system in children from MG made 7.7% (4/52).
The objective: to compare the presence and severity of respiratory disorders in students smoking conventional cigarettes and using electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS).Subjects and Methods. Spirometry was performed using a portable spirotester USPTS-01 (assessment of forced expiratory vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume for the first second (FEV1)) in students smoking cigarettes or using ENDS.Results. There were no statistically significant differences in such parameters as FVC and FEV1/FVC (p >0.05). The median and quartile values of FEV1 in the group of conventional cigarette smokers were statistically significantly lower than in the group of ENDS users and made 3.5 (3.1-4.1) and 4.2 (3.7-4.5) liters, respectively, p=0.011. The frequency of disorders of pulmonary ventilation (restrictive type, moderate to severe) was 73.7% in the group of regular cigarette smokers and 61.9% in the group of ENDS users (χ2 = 0.208, p = 0.649).
This review analyzes 80 publications on female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) and peritoneal tuberculosis (PTB), conditions of significant clinical and social relevance due to their direct impact on reproductive health. Both forms are associated with severe long-term outcomes, including infertility, chronic pelvic pain, recurrent early pregnancy loss, and the risk of disease dissemination during pregnancy, up to miliary tuberculosis. Early diagnosis is hindered by the deep anatomical location of lesions, the limited specificity of imaging methods, and the frequent latent course of the disease. The review summarizes current laboratory and instrumental approaches to diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), with a focus on FGTB and PTB, and provides a critical assessment of the evidence related to clinical verification and treatment monitoring.
